ENVS 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: User Friendly, Packet Switching, Wide Area Network

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ENVS 1000 Tutorial 1 Notes Transmission
Introduction
Messages are broken into packets for transmission through the network.
The prevalent transmission media are fiber optic cable, copper wire, and radio.
Packets are routed using either packet switching or virtual circuit switching.
With packet switching, each packet is routed individually.
With virtual circuit switching, all packets in a message follow the same path through the
network.
Management of packets is performed by protocol suite software.
The most common suite is TCP/IP.
TCP/IP tasks are divided into five layers: application, transport, network, data link, and
physical.
Most messages are created at the source application layer, are converted to packets,
and pass through the other layers, adding header information at each layer along the
way.
At the destination, the process is reversed; each layer strips off its header, until the
message is finally delivered to the corresponding application.
There are four types of addresses used in networking.
Port numbers identify the application.
IP, or logical, addresses are used for the source and destination.
Physical addresses identify each hardware component.
User-friendly addresses, such as domain names, make it easier for users to interact with
the network.
Topology describes the physical and logical layout of a network.
The common topologies include bus, start, mesh, and ring.
Networks are loosely categorized by range as local area networks, backbone networks,
metropolitan area networks, and wide area networks.
The Internet is a large wide area network.
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