ENVS 1200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Stream Control Transmission Protocol, Distributed Database, Internet Protocol Suite
13 May 2018
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ENVS 1200 Lecture 28 Notes – Network Navigation
Introduction
• As we noted network navigation within the network itself relies on numeric IP addresses
and physical addresses.
• The inventors of the Internet understood that the average user would have difficulty
remembering the number groupings that are used as IP addresses, and created a
hierarchical system of domain names as an alternative.
• The decision to offer translation from domain names to IP addresses as a basic Internet
service is one of the cleverest and most successful aspects in the original development
of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
• When an application requests services from TCP, UDP, or SCTP at the transport layer, it
must supply a numerical IP address.
• TCP/IP provides a support application that fulfills the role of the Domain Name System
(DNS) protocol, to translate domain names into IP addresses.
• The DNS application uses a massive distributed database organized as a directory
system of servers to obtain the required information.
• Each entry in the database consists of a domain name and an associated IP address
• Plus some other information about the entry that is not of concern to us here.
• The directory system that is used to translate domain names into IP addresses is
organized as a tree structure, very similar to the directory structure of a computer
operating system
• Except that there is a separate server at each node on the tree
• The structure of the tree
• Each directory node on the tree provides name-to-IP address services corresponding to
its position on the tree.
• There are three primary levels of interest.
• Below that, individual domain name owners can extend the number of levels down as
far as they wish for convenience of organization and clarity.
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