ENVS 1200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Broadcast Address, Dot-Decimal Notation, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
13 May 2018
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ENVS 1200 Lecture 36 Notes – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Introduction
• Masks are used to separate the different parts of the address.
• A mask consists of a number of 1s followed by 0s.
• When the mask is suitably combined with the IP address using Boolean algebra
• Individual components of the address can be identified.
• A mask is specified by placing a slash mark with the number of 1s at the end of the IP
address.
• Alternatively, it can be specified in dotted decimal notation.
• Both notations are shown in the figure.
• A number of IP addresses are reserved for private use.
• These IP addresses may not be used on the Internet
• They are suitable for networks which are not directly exposed to the Internet.
• There is also a universal broadcast address consisting of all 1s that addresses all nodes
on a subnet.
• For some time, people have been aware that the total number of possible IPv4
addresses available is inadequate to meet the needs in the near future.
• Although IPv6 has the potential to solve this problem in the long term, its adoption to
date has been limited.
• The potential shortage of IP addresses is further exacerbated by the block numbering
design of the IPv4 addressing system, in which organizations are often assigned more IP
addresses than they need.
• There are two alternative methods that are presently used to distribute IP addresses
more efficiently
• Small organizations with limited Internet gateway access can place their networks
behind a router that keeps the addresses private and use the private IP addresses that
are designed for this purpose.
• The mask is suitably combined with the IP address using Boolean algebra
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