KINE 2031 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Partial Pressure, External Intercostal Muscles, Night Sweats
2 Jul 2018
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Respiratory System
Respiratory system includes respiratory airways leading into the lungs, lungs &
structures of thorax (chest) involved in producing movement of air through
airways into and out of lungs
Respiratory airways are tubes that carry air b/t atmosphere and air sacs.
Nasal (nose) pharynx (throat) larynx trachea (windpipe) bronchi
bronchioles alveoli
Nasal pharynx oesophagus
Internal/ Cellular Respiration: Metabolic reactions in human cells to produce
biochemical energy. Energy made is stored as ATP. Derive ATP using O2, food &
producing CO2 as by-product
External Respiration: sequence of gas exchange b.t external environment & cells
of body. 4 Steps:
1. Ventilation or gas exchange b/t atmosphere & air sacs (alveoli) in lungs
2. Exchanges of O2 & CO2 b/t air in alveoli & blood in pulmonary capillaries
3. Transport of O2 & CO2 by blood b/t lungs & tissues
4. Exchange of O2 & CO2 b/t blood in systematic capillaries & tissues
Lungs
-No muscle is present in walls of bronchioles
-Changes in lung volume are brought by changes in thoracic cavity
-Outer chest wall is thorax
-Diaphragm is a skeletal muscle & is innervated by autonomic nervous
system. Diaphragm separates thoracic cavity (chest), containing heart &
lungs, from abdominal cavity & performs functions in respiration:
diaphragm contracts, volume of thoracic cavity increases & air is drawn into
lungs
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Document Summary
Respiratory system includes respiratory airways leading into the lungs, lungs & structures of thorax (chest) involved in producing movement of air through airways into and out of lungs. Respiratory airways are tubes that carry air b/t atmosphere and air sacs. Nasal (nose) pharynx (throat) larynx trachea (windpipe) bronchi bronchioles alveoli. Internal/ cellular respiration: metabolic reactions in human cells to produce biochemical energy. Derive atp using o2, food & producing co2 as by-product. External respiration: sequence of gas exchange b. t external environment & cells of body. No muscle is present in walls of bronchioles. Changes in lung volume are brought by changes in thoracic cavity. Diaphragm is a skeletal muscle & is innervated by autonomic nervous system. Diaphragm separates thoracic cavity (chest), containing heart & lungs, from abdominal cavity & performs functions in respiration: diaphragm contracts, volume of thoracic cavity increases & air is drawn into lungs.
