KINE 2490 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Adenosine Triphosphate, Autoimmune Disease, Insulin Resistance
22 Dec 2015
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Document Summary
Chronic metabolic disorder; near or absolute lack of hormone insulin, insulin resistance or both. Most life-threatening consequences of this are heart disease and stroke. Several factors play a role in this disorder. After eating, blood sugar (bg) goes up making pancreas release insulin. Lowers bg by enhancing membrane transport of glucose from blood to cells. Promotes oxidation of glucose for adenosine triphosphate production. Converts glucose to fat for storage in adipose tissue. When bg falls, pancreas secretes glucagon to increase by dismantling glycogen. There are 4 types; each has high bg levels/ hyperglycemia. Pancreas fails to synthesize insulin; has to be injected instead. Cannot be taken orally or will be digested by enzymes. Autoimmune disorder; most frequent chronic childhood diseases. Most common form; associated with fam history, older age obesity& lack of exercise. Defect in b-cells; prohibits or limits insulin across cell membrane. Individual may have higher than average insulin but cells can"t respond to it.
