NATS 1940 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Telomere, Meiosis, Cellular Respiration
10 Nov 2017
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Lecture #17 - protein synthesis cont"d; dna replication. Gene: a segment of dna on a chromosome that codes for an rna molecule. Non-coding genes code for rna other than mrna. Transcribed but not translated; rna is final product. Gene locus (pl. loci): position of a gene on a chromosome. 2 copies of each locus in diploid cells (one on each homologous chromosome) Allele: a specific dna sequence (as, ts, cs and gs) that occurs at a gene locus. Different alleles make different mrnas, and therefore, different polypeptides/proteins. Proteins include enzymes that make other kinds of molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, other small molecules) Lines connecting dots = reactions converting one dot into another dot. By controlling enzyme production, dna indirectly controls what other molecules (carbohydrates, lipids etc) are made in the cell. Dna determines the phenotype of an individual - along with the surrounding environment. Availability of nutrients determines what substrates are available for enzymes to use.
