NATS 4205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Apis Dorsata, Apis Cerana, Western Honey Bee
19 Nov 2017
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Pollination: animals/insect transfer pollen from male sex organ plant to another female. Male organs: (image) stamen; made by laments & anthers->where pollen is produced. Female organs: (image) carpel; ovaries, styles, stigmas->used for fertilization. Non-insect pollination: pollen travel by wind/water (most need animals/insects) Insect pollinators: dominate vs. animals & mostly bees. Hymenoptera: saw ies, parasitoid wasps (predators too), g wasps. Apoidea: family group most important for pollination (bees/wasps) 30,000 + species. Plant adaptations: evolved to optimize probability to be pollinated. 1. nectar guides: attract insects to indicate where to land via uv vision to nd nectar. 2. pollinia: sticky pollen packets stick to insect body in order to be taken to another ower. 3. nectaries: deep in the ower to attract/reward insects & get pollen on their body. 4. plant-density: dense plant eld increase chance of pollination; more food = more bees. Insect deceit: small insects w/ hard surface get nectar but pollen is hard to stick on.
