NATS 1670 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Formaldehyde, Diphtheria, Antigenicity
8 Jan 2018
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Document Summary
Microbes are killed for use in vaccines and it is important that their antigens remain as similar to those of living organisms as possible commonly used inactivating agent is formaldehyde (denatures proteins and nucleic acids) Are antigenically weak; are administered in high doses or multiple doses or incorporated with materials called adjuvants (that increase the antigenicity of the vaccine) These vaccines cant replicate, revert, mutate or retain residual virulence therefore are safer than live vaccines; however several booster doses must be administered to achieve full immunity. Virulent parental virus (cid:1452) chemicals (eg. formalin detergent) (cid:1452) inactivated (killed) vaccine. Infectivity and viral ability to replicate are eliminated but antigenicity is not compromised. Example: polio (salk) at present very common use. Influenza for everyone: new strain every year, hepatitis a, modern rabies. You will be boosters with killed but you will only need one with live. Toxins/toxoid vaccines chemically/thermally modified toxins that are used in vaccines to stimulate active immunity.
