PSYC 2020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: American Psychological Association, Sigmund Freud, Behaviorism
PSYC 2020 Lecture 28 Notes
Introduction
Groundbreaking work
• Also settig the stage for a e siee of hild deelopet as Charles Dari’s
groundbreaking work on evolution.
• He argued that individuals within a species differ
• Some individuals are better adapted to a particular environment, making them more
likely to survive and to pass along their characteristics to future generations.
• Soe sietists of the da oted siilarities etee Dari’s desriptio of
evolutionary change in species and age-related changes in human behavior.
• This prompted many scientists—including Darwin himself—to write what became
known as baby biographies, detailed, systematic observations of individual children.
• The observations in the biographies were often subjective and conclusions were
sometimes reached based on minimal evidence.
• Nevertheless, the systematic and extensive records in baby biographies paved the way
for objective, analytic research.
• Taking the lead in the new science at the dawn of the 20th century was G. Stanley Hall
(1844–1924), who generated theories of child development, based on evolutionary
theor ad oduted a studies to deterie age treds i hildre’s eliefs aout
a range of topics.
• More importantly, Hall founded the first scientific journal in English where scientists
could publish findings from child-development research.
• Hall also founded a child-study institute at Clark University and was the first president of
the American Psychological Association.
• Meanwhile, in France Alfred Binet (1857–1911) had begun to devise the first mental
tests, hih e’ll eaie i Module 8.2.
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