GLY-1104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Heavy Metals, Dry Cleaning, Water Pollution
Document Summary
Created during formation of the planet: released by volcanism, volcanoes along mid-ocean ridges. Reservoirs: oceans, rivers, lakes, wetlands, atmosphere, glaciers, soil moisture, groundwater, biosphere, deep interior. Fluxes: movements of water (trying to move to the next stage: evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, sublimation, infiltration, groundwater flow, surface runoff. Water uses: irrigation, thermoelectric power, public and domestic, industrial and mining, aquaculture and fishing, livestock, recreation. Measurements of water: gallons, cubic feet, liters, cubic meters, acre-feet: cover one acre of land with one foot of water. Water quality criteria: biological- bacteria, viruses, chemical- lead, physical- sediment, garbage, temperature. Selected pollutants: oxygen-demanding waste algae, pathogenic organisms, nutrients- fertilizer, bad septic systems, oil, hazardous chemicals dry cleaning businesses, heavy metals, radioactive materials can be natural, sediment, thermal. Examples: river/stream = ~2 weeks, lake/ocean = years, ground water = decades to centuries. Point source: discrete/ confined (pipe into stream, mine drainage (colorado river, withdrawal use returns, biological oxygen demands (bod, pathogens, heat, acid mine drainage.
