JOUR 250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Direct Marketing, Social Cost, Externality
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The purpose behind much of advertising is to influence each of the five Consumer Decision Making process (Problem Recognition, Information Search, Evaluation of Alternatives, Product Choice (i.e. Purchase) and Outcomes (i.e. Postpurchase). Each stage of the Consumer Decision Making process has techniques that help consumers to manage the stage and then move onto the next one successfully. Eventually, the consumer moves to purchase (where we get excited to make the sale) but don't underestimate how important the last stage (post purchase) is to making additional sales in the future. Below are guidelines that show basic techiniques used to target and manipulate each Consumer Decision Stage through advertising.
Below are some issues that you will want to consider as you evaluate each of the five chosen advertisements. Please remember that your goal is not simply to answer these questions, but to provide insights into the consumerâs decision making process that you feel would be useful to a marketing manager (e.g., if an ad triggered the consumerâs decision to purchase the product). Other areas to comment on would be level of involvement, etc.
Consumer Decision Making Stage: | Considerations for Stage: | Common Ad Techniques: |
Problem Recognition | What problems does this product solve for the consumer? ⢠What triggered the decision to purchase this product? ⢠Was this the first time the consumer purchased such a product? Define and discern the Actual and Desired States | Ask a question (Whatâs for dinner tonight?) Show before (actual state) and after (desired state) Use the word ânewâ or âintroducingâ to initiate curiosity. |
Information Search | ⢠Did the consumer seek information about the product and about various brands? How was this information collected, and how much information was collected? ⢠Was the consumer searching for any advertisements for the product? What was the consumerâs reaction to these advertisements? | Match amount of information with type of product. Direct consumers to website, free kit or other information venues. Show role models that âlookâ like the target market. Show the entire line of product offerings (all the flavors and colors, etc.) Testimonials, etc. |
Evaluation of Alternatives | ⢠How many alternatives were considered? How were they selected?⢠What features and characteristics of the product were most important to the consumer? Salient and Determinant defined attributes. | Featuring specific variables that the product is known for (ex. Volvo=Safety). This is known as âpositioningâ a product. Competitive method (brand compares themselves to âleading brand or categoryâ) Comparative method (brand compares themselves to another brand by name (Coke vs. Pepsi) |
Product Choice | ⢠Did any other people play a role in the decision process? Describe theroles that each person played. | Tell consumers where and how the product is sold. Offer many ways to pay for the product. Divide payments. Offer sales promotion (coupons, rebates) |
Post-Purchase Evaluation | ⢠How is the product used and consumed? How does the consumer feel when he or she uses the product? Does it merely Does the Ad encourage repeat purchase or loyalty to the brand- how? | Show awards the brand has won. Show how a brand should be consumed. Allow consumers many ways to return the product. Allow consumers to easily provide feedback. Reward consumers loyalty |
This assignment asks you to find one ad that addresses each of the needs of the five stages (in other words five different ads). This means that there must be five different ads for the total project, one for each stage (all ads are different from one another). Create a Power Point Presentation that shows how the advertiser is addressing the needs of the consumer for the specific Consumer Decision Making stage.
*Be aware that there is a helpful power point demonstration in a conference opened this week marked as "Advertising and the Consumer Decision Process (Ad Examples)". This is informative only and does not need to be commented on.
First, show the ad in a slide and then follow-up with a slide which explains (bullet form) why the ad slide targets the Consumer Decision Making process stage. ALL ADS MUST BE STILL ADS (NO VIDEOS or LINKS). Therefore the ad MUST be able to be copied and pasted within the power point slide (NO LINKS). Here is the format of the presentation:
Slide 1: Name, date
Slide 2: Problem Recognition Ad
Slide 3: Explanation why it addresses this stage
Slide 4: Information Search Ad
Slide 5: Explanation why it addresses this stage
Slide 6: Evaluation of Alternatives Ad
Slide 7: Explanation why it addresses this stage
Slide 8: Product Choice (Purchase) Ad
Slide 9: Explanation why it addresses this stage
Slide 10: Outcomes (Postpurchase) Ad
Slide 11: Explanation why it addresses this stage
Slide 12: Conclusion
In the conclusion of the slide presentation choose which ad is most effective (overall) and why.
Logistics Run Down:
-No more than 18 slides in length (includes cover page and bibliography)
-Include a cover page and bibliography of sources. Outside sources (esp. learning resources from weeks covered) are encouraged to be cited and used.
-Organize and utilize the headings given above.
-No more than 2 grammatical/spelling errors are allowed (please proof before submitting).
-Text is required to be in Times Roman, 12 pt font, double space the text.
- Keep voice in business third person. Do not include visuals in text analysis, if need to add create an appendix and refer your reader to such.
Budget constraints on marketing research are most likely to leadto:
a wrong interpretation of the research results. | ||
an incorrectly formulated sample size and design. | ||
incorrect reasons regarding why the research is needed. | ||
pretest measurements of competitive brand sales. |
2 points
QUESTION 2
Stacy, a marketing manager at a beverage manufacturing firm,conducts a customer survey to determine the reason for a dip in thesales of Zeal, a cola, in the last quarter. The survey reveals thatthere is an immediate customer demand requiring the use of organicingredients to Zeal. The firm decides to enhance Zeal with theintroduction of organic ingredients. This new product would fallinto the category of ________.
new-to-the-world products | ||
new-to-the-firm products | ||
improvements and revisions of existing products | ||
additions to existing product lines |
2 points
QUESTION 3
Lauren is a brand manager at a company that manufacturestoothpaste. She wants to increase the sales of an existing brand oftoothpaste. To do so, she calls for a meeting with a teamcomprising of members from the administrative department, the humanresource department, and the finance department. All of thesemembers work together to come up with ways to improve the company'stoothpaste brand positioning. Such a team is an example of a________.
category-management system | ||
cross-functional team | ||
departmental team | ||
marketing-management system |
2 points
QUESTION 4
________ are methods used to determine how resources should beallocated among the various strategic business units (SBUs) in anorganization.
Vector models | ||
Matrix models | ||
Variable models | ||
Portfolio models |
2 points
QUESTION 5
For high-involvement products that require extensive decisionmaking, marketers should provide consumers with:
ready availability of the products in a variety of outlets andat competitive prices. | ||
factual information that highlights the competitive advantage ofthe products. | ||
minimum information to encourage a quick purchasing process. | ||
eye-catching advertisements and in-store displays to encouragethem to make a purchase. |
2 points
QUESTION 6
The number of times, on average, that audience members areexposed to an advertisement within a given time period is knownas:
frame rate. | ||
time to target market. | ||
reach intensity. | ||
average frequency. |
2 points
QUESTION 7
Ariston Inc. manufactures a wide range of personal careproducts. Its method of sales forecasting involves conductingdetailed surveys of retailers who stock the company's productstoward the end of a fiscal year. The aim of this survey is toestimate the quantity of Ariston's products the retailers arelikely to order in the next fiscal year. Which of the followingapproaches of sales forecasting is Ariston using?
Customer expectations method | ||
Time-series analysis | ||
Sales forecast composite method | ||
Jury of executive opinion method |
2 points
QUESTION 8
________ carry broad product assortments and compete on thebasis of offering a good selection in different product categoriesand offering lower prices on products in their largeassortments.
Specialty stores | ||
Mass merchandisers | ||
Category killers | ||
Convenience stores |
2 points
QUESTION 9
Which of the following best describes personal selling?
Personal selling is a paid form of communications about anorganization, its products, or its activities that is transmittedthrough a mass medium. | ||
Personal selling is an activity that offers customers orresellers a direct inducement for purchasing a product. | ||
Personal selling is a nonpaid form of communication that seeksto influence the attitudes, feelings, and opinions of stockholders,suppliers, employees, and political bodies about anorganization. | ||
Personal selling is face-to-face communication with potentialbuyers to inform them about and persuade them to buy anorganization's product. |
2 points
QUESTION 10
Which of the following best explains why Delicia Co., amanufacturer of potato chips, prices each bag of potato chips at 99cents rather than $1.00?
To encourage consumers to think the chips are less expensive | ||
To increase sales by offering the chips at a discountedprice | ||
To create a signal that these chips are exceptionally fine | ||
To attract those consumers who are not too sure about thequality of the chips |
2 points
QUESTION 11
Which of the following is NOT a step in the marketing researchprocess?
Performance of the research | ||
Plan of the research | ||
Preview of the research | ||
Preparation of the research report |
2 points
QUESTION 12
In the context of product purchasing, the diffusion ofinnovation is:
used to describe the ability of an organization to createentirely new products. | ||
applied to products at the introductory stage of the productlife cycle. | ||
used to describe an audit task. | ||
the spread of a product through the population. |
2 points
QUESTION 13
Distribution allowances are typical examples of ________.
push strategies | ||
profile strategies | ||
pull strategies | ||
mixed promotional strategies |
2 points
QUESTION 14
Which of the following is a benefit of mathematical modeling asa marketing research method?
It is ideal for investigating customer beliefs, attitudes,satisfaction, and other issues. | ||
It generates a substantial number of ideas when compared withother methods. | ||
It is involved in the analysis and interpretation of primarydata exclusively. | ||
It provides an efficient way to study problems with extremelylarge secondary data sets. |
2 points
QUESTION 15
Identify the persuasion objective of the sales force in personalselling.
To reassure consumers of product or service superiority throughdemonstrable actions | ||
To enable prompt delivery of the product or service that exceedscustomer expectations | ||
To ensure immediate follow-up calls and visits to addressunresolved or new concerns | ||
To clearly distinguish attributes of a firm's products orservices from those of competitors |
2 points
QUESTION 16
Which of the following statements is true of the influences ofprice, product, and promotions on consumer behavior?
Consistent bombarding of messages about a product will put offpotential consumers. | ||
Salespeople do not have a direct impact on consumer behavior andits patterns. | ||
Value-conscious consumers buy products on the basis of placerather than other attributes. | ||
Marketing communications play a critical role in informingconsumers about products and services. |
2 points
QUESTION 17
According to the VALS⢠model, Experiencers are:
driven to demonstrate success. | ||
driven by a desire for social or physical activity. | ||
driven by knowledge and principles. | ||
driven by the level of resources and innovation. |
2 points
QUESTION 18
In which of the following stages of the new product developmentprocess is the new product proposal evaluated and responsibilityfor a project assigned to a project team?
Product development | ||
Idea screening | ||
Test marketing | ||
Project planning |
2 points
QUESTION 19
Which of the following is an advantage of secondary data overprimary data?
Secondary data sources are limited, making the information morevaluable. | ||
Secondary data are cheaper to obtain and utilize. | ||
Secondary data are collected specifically for the researchproblem under investigation. | ||
Secondary data are always available for strategy-specificresearch questions. |
2 points
QUESTION 20
An automobile manufacturing firm decides to meet all itssuppliers while planning to manufacture a new automobile that is aminor variant of an existing model in terms of design andperformance. The firm wants to provide its loyal customers withautomobiles at a low price without compromising on performance.According to authors Crawford and DiBenedetto, this new productfalls into the category of ________.
price redemptions | ||
repositionings | ||
price exemptions | ||
cost reductions |