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ECON1132 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Market Power, Efficiency Wage, Unemployment

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viridiancamel50
20 Sep 2017
School
Boston College
Department
Economics
Course
ECON1132
Professor
Michael Conolly

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Document Summary

Produced by bureau of labor stats in us dept of labor. Employed: paid employees, self employed, and unpaid workers in a family business, part and full time, temporarily absent (sick or leave) Unemployed: people not working who have looked for work in the past 4 weeks. Not in the labor force: everyone else. % of labor force that is unemployed. % of adults in the labor force. Not a perfect indicator of joblessness or the health of the labor market. Doesn"t tell the difference between part and full time workers. Useful measure of the state of the labor market and overall health of the economy. Typically (cid:1151) of unemployed have been unemployed for under 5 weeks. Unemployment reported overlong time shows more the 20% because there is very little turnover. There"s always some unemployment, but u-rate fluctuates. Typical rate that the u-rate fluctuates around. Deviation of unemployment from its natural rate.

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Related Questions

Another important measure of how an economy is performing is the unemployment rate. But there is more to the unemployment rate than just the headline rate reported on the news. In particular we are going to look at the U3 rate (the Headline rate), the U6 rate and the labor force participation rate. Go to the Bureau of Labor Statistics On their home page from the menu on the right hand side of the page "Latest Numbers" click on Unemployment Rate. On the next page click on "Employment Situation Summary". The December 2014 report should be available. Read the report. Then using the tables linked from the bottom of the report find: The U3 rate; The U6 rate; and, The labor force participation rate. What are the differences among these measures? Note the percentages of each, what each measure includes and then express your views on what factors may be causing the U6 rate to be roughly twice the U3 rate and what may be causing the decline in the labor participation rate? Is the headline rate used by the most news report misleading? For your information, here is a summary of the six unemployment measures. •U-1, persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force; •U-2, job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force; •U-3, total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (this is the definition used for the official unemployment rate); •U-4, total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers; •U-5, total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers; and •U-6, total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.

1. For April 2015, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) estimates that the number of employed workers in the US was 148,523,000. The total number of workers who were not employed but were actively seeking work or waiting to be recalled from the layoff was 8,549,000. The total number of workers who were not employed and were neither looking for work nor waiting to be recalled from the layoff was 93,194,000.

a. Calculate the number of workers in the labor force and the adult working population.

b. Calculate the labor force participation rate and the unemployment rate.

c. Figure 2.1 in the lecture slides gives the same data, but for April 2013. Calculate the percentage change in the number of unemployed workers, the percentage change in the number of workers in the labor force, and the percentage change in the adult working population between April 2013 and April 2015.

d. Has the labor market improved between April 2013 and April 2015? Has it clearly improved, or is there a chance that it has not actually improved? Justify your answer. (Hint: Compare the labor force participation rate and the unemployment rate for April 2013 and April 2015).

1) The working-age population includes

A) those in jails and hospitals.

B) youngsters between the ages of 14 and 16 if they are working at least part time.

C) employed and unemployed people over the age of 16.

D) only employed people over the age of 16.

E) people over the age of 16 who are in the Army.

2) The labor force includes people who

i.are less than 16 years of age.

ii.are in institutions.

iii.are actively seeking a job but do not have a job.

A) i only

B) i and iii

C) i and ii

D) iii only

E) i , ii, and iii

3) Assume the U.S. population is 275 million. If 210 million people are of working age, 135 million are employed, and 6 million are unemployed, what is the size of the labor force?

A) 275 million

B) 141 million

C) 135 million

D) 210 million

E) 204 million

4) The unemployment rate is the number of people unemployed divided by the

A) population, then multiplied by 100.

B) labor force participation rate, then multiplied by the population.

C) labor force, then multiplied by 100.

D) number of people employed, then multiplied by 100.

E) working-age population, then multiplied by 100.

5) Suppose the population is 220 million people, the labor force is 150 million people, the number of people employed is 130 million, and the working-age population is 175 million people. What is the unemployment rate?

A) 9.0 percent

B) 13.3 percent

C) 11.4 percent

D) 15.4 percent

E) 20 percent

6) Suppose the working-age population is 220 million, the labor force is 150 million, and the unemployment rate is 10 percent. The number of unemployed people is

A) 15 million.

B) 22 million.

C) 37 million.

D) 7 million.

E) 70 million.

7) The labor force participation rate is the

A) labor force divided by the working-age population, then multiplied by 100.

B) number of people employed divided by the labor force, then multiplied by 100.

C) labor force divided by the population, then multiplied by 100.

D) discouraged workers divided by the labor force, then multiplied by 100.

E) number of people employed divided by the population, then multiplied by 100.

8) If the number of employed people is 150 million, the number of unemployed people is 50 million, and the working-age population equals 285 million people, the labor force participation rate is

A) 70.2 percent.

B) 81 percent.

C) 17.5 percent.

D) 25 percent.

E) 52.6 percent.

 

9) A discouraged worker is

A) a person who is not happy with his or her job.

B) someone who works part time but wants full-time work.

C) someone who is asked to work overtime everyday.

D) someone who does not have a job but has given up looking.

E) another name for an unemployed worker.