INTL 2500 Lecture 5: WEEK FIVE_Explaining WWI
28 Feb 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
WEEK FIVE: WWI- Explaining WWI 2/10/2015 7:31:00 PM
Each person matters.
• Cause of conflict. The small number seems bigger.
• Conflict/ peace <> cooperation govt issues
Empirical actual material.
• To examine these materials.
Review.
• Forms of Constructivism
o Systeati: aarhies i iteratioal politis, it’l istitutios
o Domestic norms and identities
o Idiidual leel: psyhology ad learig. Leaders’ elief have an impact on
it’l politis
• Additional variants: Feminism
• Analytical inadequacies of Constructivism. (Transfer the explanation from one place
to aother plae. Very hard…
• The security Dilemma compared. The search for power. There are different avenues.
What motivate them to see the world they do.
Outline.
• Why WWI?
• History
o The lead-up to the war (the causes of the war)
o War plans
o The war itself
• Epilogue and brief facts about the conflict.
Why WWI:
• (international institutions we have today coming out of WWI, WWII coming out of
WWI. )
• First modern war (technology that has never been used before were used in this
war, such, poison gas, tear gas, machine gun) → total war, not just civilians getting
on the battle ground.
• Belief that it would be relatively brief and successful. Instead, it lasted for four years
and incredibly costly.
• Unprecedented scope and brutality. Thousands of soldiers killed in the battlefields.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• A war no one wanted → a puzzle case: why do we get a war no body really wanted.
How do we end war??? In the future.
• Consequences for 20th century and beyond. → We can see these battles over field.
• Case for thinking about the causes for war: what causes a costly war no one wants?
Background: The Century before the War.
• 100 YEARS of PEACE. They are technically peaceful.
• British dominance and the rise of Germany. Established British power. Consolidating
its power and trying to grow. Concern about security. The rise Germany power→ the
changing power dynamic.
• New trends –
o Military changes. The Great Britain started to feel insecure. Makes treaty
with France and Russia.
o Balae of poer. Geray’ eooy is groig ore igorous tha British
power)
o Increased tensions: scramble for colonial land. Social unrest. A rise of
nationalism. B/c of growing urbanization and industrialization. Tension with
existing power. Both external tension and internal tensions.
Politics and Crises
• First Moroccan Crisis (1905-6) big heads in Europe decided that Morocco should be
independent. 1904 Britain and France came to an agreement: Britain→ Egypt,
France→ Morocco →→→ Geray does’t like it, it ats a ope door poliy.
Germany is not happy with the result. Stuck in his mind. Insufficient solution.
Strengthening that relationship.
• Rise of Anglo-German Antagonism: rise arm and naval military race in Europe →
Security dilemmmmmmmaaaaaa CONTROLLING waterway=== big boss
• Driving Germany and big Britain apartment.
• TRIPLE ALLIANCE(I/G/AH) TRIPLE ENTENTE(GB/F/R) → multipolar system in 19th
century is not flexible anymore.
• Second Moroccan Crisis 1911: to protect German firms. They send gunboat to
Panther→ try to reopen the Moroccan questions. They want some compensation
from France. Increase British fear. Alliances are coming together. Tension in Eastern
Europe. Progress in 1980.
• First Balkan War (1912) → the result of European territory
• Bavarian is on the winning side. Dissatisfied.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Second Balkan War (1913) → breaks up the alliance with Russia Syia = Russia’s
only ally. Alliance policy coming out of this → Baltic reagon. Sybia getting the full
support of Russia
WAR PLANS. (how to mobilize in the case of war)
• Shared belief in offense dominance (in order to success, they have to attack first);
you want to attack first.
o Offense has advantage
o High level of secrecy → YOU DON’T WANT OTHER’S KNOW YOUR WAR
PLANS. Everything can be interpreted as threats.
• Interlocking plans of great powers
o Austria-Hungary
o France (Plan 17: you have to attack Germany at its weakest point)
o Great Britain (Keep Belgiu’s eutrality)
o Germany (Schlieffen Plan) → you have to mobilize all your resources quickly
in order to act fast. The Path from Germany to France is Belgium. Setting
off British plans.
o Russia: keeping military forces on its boarders bc internal conflict
THE LAST CRISIS: Sarajevo 1914.
• Assassination of Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Sparkle sets off the
fire.
• Response by Austria-Hungary and Germany. They responses in a very strong,
diplomatic way. →The July ultimatum; THEY SET OFF VERY SPECIFIC Demand for
Sybia. → Sybia takes it to Russia
• Response by Austria-Hungary and Germany. You do’t aept these deads i 40
hours. We are done. They declared war and started to mobilize their armies.
• → Russia and Frane’s alliane so they started to mobilize their army together.
Russian having allies with France. → Germany and AH started full mobilization.
• Interlocking war plans and alliances lead to war no one wanted. → Long and brutal
war.
The war itself. It is long and brutal.
• Character of the war: long and brutal. CAUSALITY of that battle. → not a quick war,
fighting over the same territory. They are not moving every where. It turned out
that they are wrong.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The small number seems bigger: conflict/ peace <> cooperation govt issues. Empirical actual material: to examine these materials. Review: forms of constructivism, syste(cid:373)ati(cid:272): a(cid:374)ar(cid:272)hies i(cid:374) i(cid:374)ter(cid:374)atio(cid:374)al politi(cid:272)s, i(cid:374)t"l i(cid:374)stitutio(cid:374)s, domestic norms and identities. I(cid:374)di(cid:448)idual le(cid:448)el: psy(cid:272)hology a(cid:374)d lear(cid:374)i(cid:374)g. (cid:894)leaders" (cid:271)elief have an impact on i(cid:374)t"l politi(cid:272)s(cid:895: additional variants: feminism, analytical inadequacies of constructivism. (transfer the explanation from one place to a(cid:374)other pla(cid:272)e. very hard (cid:895, the security dilemma compared. What motivate them to see the world they do. Outline: why wwi, history, the lead-up to the war (the causes of the war, war plans, the war itself, epilogue and brief facts about the conflict. Why wwi: (international institutions we have today coming out of wwi, wwii coming out of. Instead, it lasted for four years and incredibly costly: unprecedented scope and brutality. Thousands of soldiers killed in the battlefields: a war no one wanted a puzzle case: why do we get a war no body really wanted.
