NUSCTX 10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Acetyl-Coa, Citric Acid Cycle, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

• School: Berkeley
• Department: Nutritional Sciences And Toxicology
• Course: NUSCTX 10
• Professor: Aponte, Gregory

Document Summary

Carbs needed to break down fat to co2 and h20. With carbs available: c-c-c-c oxaloacetate + coa, enter cac. With carbs unavailable: become ketone bodies used for energy, accumulate in blood or excreted in urine. Bg levels: normal (levels brought up by glucagon) vs. diabetic (1) type 1 diabetes 5-10% (juvenile onset diabetes) Autoimmune disease affecting beta cells of pancreas. Need insulin injections (2) type 2 diabetes 95% (adult-onset diabetes) Diet, exercise, oral meds can help control. Risk factors: age, family history, obesity, lifestyle, race and ethnicity. Low blood sugar (glucose) shakiness, sweating, anxiety. Reactive hypoglycemia: pancreas secrets too much insulin after a high-carb meal. Higher the glycemic index (gi), higher bg levels. Influenced by amount and type of cho and protein, fat, and fiber content. White rice higher than brown rice, orange juice higher than whole orange, gluten-free higher than white higher than whole wheat.