BIOL 401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Polyploid, Nondisjunction, Parthenogenesis
26 Jan 2017
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A way to track recombination and remodel the genome. Two groups: those that change gene number *detrimental, those that change gene structure. Changes order of alleles on chromosome: loss of genetic material. Missing chromosome: gain of genetic material. Changes in gene number: abberent euploidy: change in whole chromosome sets (more or less than the normal set). More or less than two chromosome sets. Triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, dodecaploid (uganda clawed frog) Monoploid: individuals that are normally diploid, but only have one set of chromosomes: example: male hymenoptera. Some females are diploid, and sometimes an unfertilized diploid egg can still develop into a male wasp. Polyploids will usually yield larger organisms (ex. genetically engineered fruits to make larger) Allopolyploids: cross-related species, two times the number of chromosomes occurs: new world cotton. Double diploid experiment: karpenchenko (scientist) wanted to develop a plant that had both cabbage leaves and radish roots ~ formed autopolyploid. Composed of two sets of three ancestral genomes (6n)
