BIOLOGY 174 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Thoracic Cavity, Extracellular Fluid, Internal Intercostal Muscles
16 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
The bronchial tree: trachea, left and right primary bronchi (plural) bronchus (singular, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchi, smaller bronchi, bronchioles (smaller in diameter, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs (groups of alveoli) Purple conducting zone no gas exchange. Moving down tree: less cartilage, less columnar epithelium, more cuboidal epithelium, less cilia. Smooth muscle in bronchioles can contract or relax and control diameter of airways. Fun fact: doctors look at the right lung first for inhaled objects because it is more vertical. A close-up look at the alveolus and its blood supply. Three layers: alveolar epithelium (type 1 cells, fused basement membranes (alvelus and capillary, capillary endothelium simple squamous of blood vessel. Two integrated processes: external respiration exchange of gas between air in environment and interstitial fluids (fluids surrounding cells) External respiration involves: pulmonary ventilation breathing, gas diffusion diffusion of gas across respiratory membrane into blood, gas transport delivery of gases to the interstitial fluid of tissues.
