CAS BI 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Command Center, Hyperventilation, Alkalosis

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9 Jan 2017

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Brainstem shuts nerves off, relax skeletal muscles, which snap back into place. Palv increases > patm, reversing pressure gradient. Cue exhalation: there isn"t much atp involved in exhaling, inhaling takes up more energy, palv returns to 0. In the middle, brainstem respiratory center o some are pacemaker-type cells (like sa node, ability to spontaneously depolarize) o some are just modulators: epinephrine can increase breathing rate. Toxic bc it disrupts lipid fluidity, and can cause cell death or ph imbalance. Controlled by lactic acid (h+) , which stimulates breathing o co2 + h2o (enzyme) -> h2co3 (spontaneous) -> h+ + hco3- If you decrease co2, you would decrease h+, bringing ph back to normal. Breathe faster, and release more co2 and get rid of h+ as a result o exercise more vigorously, more waste products you generate (lactic acid) o compensate for this with a change in breathing respiratory compensation.

Related Questions

1. Match the word 1-39 above, with the descriptions labled a-t. Word 1-39 can be uses only one please!!

1. alveolar macrophages 2. alveoli 3. Bohr effect 4. bronchi 5. bronchiole 6. cerebral cortex 7. chloride shift 8. compliance 9. costal breathing 10. Daltonâs law 11. diaphragmatic breathing 12. epiglottis 13. eupnea 14. expiratory reserve volume 15. fauces 16. functional residual capacity 17. Haldane effect 18. Henryâs law 19. hilum 20. hypothalamus 21. inferior, middle, and superior nasal meatuses 22. inspiratory capacity 23. larynx 24. limbic system 25. medulla oblongata 26. nose 27. paranasal sinuses 28. pharynx 29. pleural membranes 30. pons 31. primary bronchus 32. secondary bronchus 33. surface tension 34. surfactant 35. terminal bronchiole 36. tertiary bronchus 37. total lung capacity 38. trachea 39. vital capacity

a) -------------------- serves as a sound resonating chamber; contains tonsils; directs air inferiorly

b) ------------------- passes air from pharynx into windpipe; site of sound production

c) ------------------ resonate(s) sound; not part of pharynx

D) ------------------ opening from oral cavity into pharynx

E) ----------------- carries air to a segment of a lung

F) -------------------- carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole

G) ----------------- surround the lungs

H) ------------------ reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange

i) -------------------- actual sites of gas exchange

j) --------------------- normal, quiet breathing

k) ----------------------- shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles

l) ------------------ amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall

m) ------------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL in males

n) ----------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males

o) ------------------- residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males

p) -------------------- states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility

q) ---------------- when pH decreases, O₂ saturation of hemoglobin decreases

r) ------------------ each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure

s) ------------------- sets basic rhythm of breathing

t) ------------------------ includes the pontine respiratory group

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CAS BI 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Command Center, Hyperventilation, Alkalosis

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