BMS 460 Lecture Notes - Aflatoxin, Aneuploidy, Nitrosamine
26 Apr 2014
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Document Summary
Gram + bacteria release peptidoglycans (exotoxins) and gram bacteria release lipopolysaccharides (lps; endotoxins) Both produce similar signs and symptoms of sepsis by inducing host. Tissue factor (tf) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) are expressed by the damaged vascular endothelium. Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and interleukin (il)-1 and il-6, are secreted by the monocytes. Lps released from bacteria by lps-binding protein (lbp). Lps-lbp complex is recognized by the opsonic receptor, cd14. The lps-lbp-cd14 complex activates toll- like receptor 4 (tlr4), which in turn signals through the adaptor protein myd88 and the serine kinase irak. This will ultimately lead to the release of cytokines. Endothelium increased tf and pai-1 procoagulant effect microvascular occlusion. Endothelium oxygen radicals microvascular occlusion, vascular instability. Neutrophils cytokines oxygen radicals, lipid mediators microvascular occlusion, vascular instability. Complement chemotaxis, lysosomal enzymes vascular instability. Microvascular occlusion and vascular instability coagulopathy, fever, vasodilation, capillary leak sepsis and multiple organ failure.
