BMS 450 Lecture Notes - Prodynorphin, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Area Postrema
Document Summary
Narcotics: drugs that are both an analgesic (pain relieving) and a sedative. Cocaine/amphetamines are medically not narcotics, but are legally classified as such. Opioid: compounds, natural or synthetic, whose major actions are via opioid receptors. Opiate: natural opioids derived from the opium poppy. Neolithic era (9,500 bce) seeds found in burial sites; use of opium for pain relief known in middle east groups including early sumerians (joy plant, 4000 bc), egyptians, Inquisition (12th 14th century) opium stigmatized in europe. Paracelsus refers to laudanum, an opium extract (1522) Opium wars (1839 & 1858) china outlaws opium use, and britain goes to war to protect its trade. British imports through india results in addiction of 25% of male. Heroin synthesized from morphine by british chemists, 1874. Harrison narcotics act 1914 legal prior to 1914 in usa. Heroin (inactive, lipophilic, 3 5 hr duration) Fentanyl (sublimaze, china white 100x more potent than morphine) Lead to vasodilation, thus a decrease in blood pressure.
