BMS 460 Lecture Notes - Portal Venous System, Central Venous Pressure, Hepatocyte
26 Apr 2014
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Document Summary
Affects multiple portions of the colon with intervening normal areas; may involve any part of gi tract. The characteristic feature is it extends through all layers of intestinal wall deep linear ulcers in the bowel wall which may extend into adjacent organs. Appears to result from blockage of lymphoid and lymphatic structures in gi wall. ~1/3 of all patients also have extra-intestinal inflammatory lesions (in joints, skin, liver, or eyes) Toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and nod2 signaling in crohn"s disease. Tlr2 normally binds to peptidoglycans present in the cell wall of commensal and pathogenic gi bacteria. Tlr2 binding initiates signaling through the nf b pathway to activate expression of pro-inflammatory genes. If peptidoglycan is ingested and degraded by enterocytes, a breakdown product (muramyl dipeptide mdp) can bind to nod2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2) protein in the enterocyte cytoplasm and down-regulated tlr2-mediated nf b signaling.
