MIP 300 Lecture Notes - Lysogenic Cycle, Endonuclease, Prophage

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lemondog142

27 Jun 2014

School

CSU

Department

Microbio, Immun, Pathology

Course

MIP 300

Professor

Erica Suchman

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Document Summary

Cell produces phage dna, rna & proteins, cellular dna degraded (endonuclease snips dna, exonuclease cleaves nucleotides off fragments) Phage dna enters lysogeny: prophate integrates into host chromosome at specific site. Uv light (unhealthy cell) causes prophage to be excised (endonuclease), phage now enters lytic cycle. Cell produces phage dna, rna & proteins, cellular dna degraded. Phage components assemble into new viral particles, cell is lysed, virus released. During the lytic cycle, cellular dna is degraded and phage particles are formed, cellular. Every gene in the genome is equally likely to be packaged. Phage carrying bacterial genes can infect new bacteria if this dna is integrated and carries a new trait, transduction occurs. Only genes near phage integration site can be transferred. When phage is excised, improper excision may occur, leaving part of prophage in host. Dna, taking part of host dna with phage. The recombinant phage/host dna is copied, viral mrna and proteins are produced.

Related Questions

1
Which of the following is a component of the HIV virus ?
A
DNA
B
Capsid
C
Nucleus
D
CD4 receptor
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2
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2
What is the function of Reverse Transcriptase?
A
To insert the viral RNA into the host DNA.
B
To make an RNA copy of the viral RNA.
C
To make an RNA copy of the viral DNA.
D
To make a DNA copy of the viral RNA.
E
To insert the viral DNA into the host DNA.
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3
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3
Which of the following stages describes a HIV patient in who has a large number of severe opportunistic infections?
A
Primary HIV infection-lasts for a few weeks
B
Clinically asymptomatic stage-lasts for an average of ten years
C
Symptomatic HIV infection
D
Clinical AIDS
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4
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4
Which of the following individuals should be tested for HIV?
A
A newborn child
B
Alex, who studies excessively
C
Sarah, who takes birth control
D
Joe, who uses intravenous steroids
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5
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5
Harry engaged in risky activity that may have lead to exposure to HIV. Two and a half weeks later, he had an HIV test done and it showed a positive result. Which test most likely was done?
A
CD4 test
B
HIV antibody test
C
PCR test
D
Viral load test
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6
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6
How does an Integrase inhibitor work against the HIV virus?
A
It inhibits the generation of viral DNA from viral RNA.
B
It prevents the entry of HIV into the host cell.
C
It inhibits viral proteins from being inserted into new virus particles.
D
It prevents viral DNA from being inserted into host DNA.
E
It prevents the generation of new viral proteins.
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7
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7
How does a Protease inhibitor work to treat HIV infection?
A
It prevents the release of new viral particles.
B
It cleaves viral proteins interfering with their function.
C
It prevents the cleavage of host DNA preventing viral DNA from being inserted into host DNA.
D
It cleaves Reverse transcriptase preventing the generation of viral DNA.
E
It prevents the binding of gp120 to the CD4 protein.
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8
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8
Which of the following describes a combination therapy for HIV infected persons?
A
A preparation used for stimulating a viral response in the body.
B
A single drug given to HIV infected people since interactions with other medications may promote complications in treatment.
C
A drug cocktail-or-combination of antiviral drugs given to HIV infected people since they can be more effective than when given individually
D
A preparation used for stimulating an immune response in the body.
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9
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9
answerable question reference
For HIV to reproduce, which of the following is most critical?
A
Infecting new subjects
B
Producing a Provirus
C
Entering the host cells
D
Taking over the function of DNA in the cell
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10
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10
HIV is a virus which has the following characteristic?
A
It takes of the RNA of the host cell which subsequently by way of transcription and translation makes new virus
B
It attacks the RNA of the host cell causing cellular death
C
It attacks the DNA of the host cell causing cellular death
D
It takes over the DNA of the host cell which subsequently by way of transcription and translation makes new virus

rank the subsequent 5 human-infecting viruses from 'Mostdisease-causing' to 'Least disease-causing' (i.e."1" being mostdisease causing, "5" least disease causing).
**Explain Why Please**

-A virus containing genes that all have a promoter which is turnedon only by human transcription factors that normally promote musclegrowth.
-A virus with all outer epitopes similar to natural humanepitopes.
-A virus that destroys all dendritic cells and can survive inairborne saliva particles.
-A virus that inserts DNA randomly into the genome but must insertits DNA specifically at the beginning of the host RNA polymerasegene in order to create new viral particles.
-A virus that cannot be bound by free antibodies but that, uponinfecting cells, always presents a unique protein epitope on theinfected-cell surface.

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QUESTION 1: The rabies virus primarily affects the nervous system. The specificity that the rabies virus has for neuronal host cells is primarily dictated by __________________________.

A. the helical shape of its viral capsid

B. the type of nucleic acid used for its viral genome (single-stranded, antisense RNA)

C. the spikes that protrude from its viral envelope

D. the segmented nature of its viral genome

QUESTION 2: Which of the following genome types has been observed in viruses? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. Single-stranded RNA

B. Single-stranded DNA

C. Double-stranded RNA

D. Protein-based

QUESTION 3: Choose the correct statement about viral evolution.

A. RNA and DNA viral genomes evolve at equal rates.

B. Cellular genomes mutate at a faster rate than viral genomes due to their large size and increased chance of replicative mistakes.

C. DNA viruses mutate faster than RNA viruses because thymine is more susceptible to mutation than uracil.

D. RNA viruses mutate faster than DNA viruses due to a lack of proofreading replicative enzymes.

QUESTION 4: Your elderly patient is affected by shingles. After careful observation, you note that the virus responsible for the infection has an icosahedral capsid, is enveloped, and has double-stranded linear DNA as its genetic material. Based on this information, in which of the following viral families would you group this viral pathogen?

QUESTION 5: Which of the following is a key difference between lytic and lysogenic bacteriophage replication cycles?

A. Lysogenic bacteriophages release via host cell lysis, whereas lytic bacteriophages bud off from the host cell membrane.

B. The lytic replication cycle ends with host cell lysis and release of newly formed bacteriophage particles, whereas lysogenic replication leads to prophage formation.

C. Lytic replication requires an uncoating step, whereas in lysogenic replication, the bacteriophage's nucleic acid is directly injected into the host cell.

D. Whereas lytic replication enables the infection of several hosts, lysogenic replication only allows for infection of a single host cell.

QUESTION 6: Which of the following is an unsuitable culture method for an animal virus?

A. Direct inoculation of virus onto blood agar

B. Live animal inoculation