DEA 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Demography, Random Assignment, Sleep Disorder
27 Apr 2018
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Lecture Outline March 5, 2018
REVIEW
1. Behavioral toxicology
a. Low levels of toxins show behavioral effects
b. To see biological effects, physical effects, requires higher toxin levels
2. Fish consumption in young children based on what their mom ate
a. Children who had mothers who ate high levels of fish → more hyporesponsive
3. Location and SES vs. exposure to toxins
a. Convergence of income and race versus toxin exposure, proximity
b. Children in school vs. how many vehicles on road
i. Higher proportion of children eligible for reduced/free lunch=more likely to
be exposed to air pollution
HER: CROWDING
1. Density vs. crowding
a. Density: objective
i. Social vs. spacial
1. Social: changing number of people, space constant
2. Spatial: manipulation of size of space, number of people same
ii. Interior density=where you live, work, spend most time→ more important
iii. Outside density: may draw improper conclusions about the effect of
density
b. Crowding: objective
c. Compare in different countries can be very misleading
i. Averaging across a lot of different environments
2. Malthus: demographer interested in problem of crowding--if population keeps increasing
on an island, will eventually run out of food/water → carrying capacity
a. Create situations in natural environment, give them extra food/water (or in
laboratory)
b. At a certain point the population increases, then sudden die-off of animals
i. He said what was causing it was running out of food and water
ii. Even if you keep giving animals food and water, there would still be this
sudden die-off → apparently due to stress
c. Running out of space--crowding could cause this die-off!!
3. Human Effects
a. Physiological stress
i. Changes in disease rates (rates go up as crowding increases, esp.
infectious disease)
1. Could be close proximity to sick people, but also stress changes
your immune system
ii. Study in a prison
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