BIOL 031 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Bronchiole, Autonomic Ganglion, Neuromuscular Junction

• School: College of The Sequoias
• Department: Biology (BIOL)
• Course: BIOL 031
• Professor: Trimble

Document Summary

Somatic- only skeletal muscle; direct to target. Autonomic- organs, glands, smooth, and cardiac muscle, indirect to target, pit. Somatic- one motor neuron from cns to skeletal muscle. Somatic- acetylcholine (ach); stimulatory: ach always exists, it opens sodium gates channels. Autonomic- post ganglionic neurons may release either ach or norepinephrine (ne); whether response is stimulatory or inhibitory depends on the effector: both ach and norepinephrine excite and inhibits. Coordination of somatic and autonomic systems: both systems send their motor neurons to effectors via the 31 pairs of spinal nerves and. 12 pairs of cranial nerves: when skeletal muscle is active, autonomic must regulate other body activities for sufficient blood, oxygen, waste removal. Divisions of the autonomic nervous system- the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions work in contrasting fashion to stimulate and inhibit effectors. Parasympathetic division- the resting and digesting system, keeps body calm, stimulates digestion, urination, and defecation.