BIOL 031 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Headache, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Surrogate Endpoint
22 Dec 2020
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Hyponatremia tonicity in its various forms: isotonicity, hypertonicity, and hypotonicity. Tonicity: volume behavior of cells in a certain solution. Na = 137 meq/l; k = 4 meq/l; glucose = 100 mg/dl; urea = 10 mg/dl. Hypertonic solution: ecf solutes > icf solutes. Hypotonic solution: ecf solutes < icf solutes. Serum sodium is a surrogate marker of tonicity. Sna is the major ion for ecf (of which serum is a part), so it makes sense that it"s the best marker for serum tonicity. Effective osmoles: na, k, glucose (trapped on 1 side of membrane) (in case you were like me and you were not getting it, urea = Osmolarity = (effective + ineffective mosms)/(tb h2o) Why hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in the community and hospital. Stems from a lot of diseases & can occur in any number of tonicities & volume states. Define the composition of urine volume and the electrolyte-free water clearance.
