PSYC 305 Lecture 3: Chapter 6 LTM
Proactive inhibition/interference same category throughout
Proactive inhibition/release same category last different category
Control all different
Chapter 5 wrap up
Proactive interference
• Proactive interference
– Older material interferes forward in time with your recollection of current stimuli
– Birds (Wickens et al., 1963)
– Brown-Peterson task
• Retroactive interference
– Newer material interferes backward in time with your recollection of older items
CHAPTER 6 Long Term Memory
Episodic Long Term Memory
• Explicit (Declarative)
– Episodic (events)
– Semantic (facts)
• Implicit (Nondeclarative)
– Procedural (skills and habits)- how you ride a bike
– Priming - prior stimulus makes you able to identify etc
– Associative—classical conditioning, automatic
– Non-associative learning –
• Explicit Memory
• Episodic
– Personal
– Autobiographical
– Different for everyone
• Semantic
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– General world knowledge
• Thesaurus
• Dictionary
• Encyclopedia
Implicit Memory
unconscious, automatic
• Procedural
• Priming
• Associative
– Classical conditioning
– Category learning, artificial grammar
Double Dissociations in memory
• Explicit vs. implicit
– Amnesia
– AD vs. HD/PD
• Episodic vs. semantic
– K.C.
• Implications for distinct neuroanatomical substrates for different types of memory
Mnemonics
Three principles
• Provides a structure for learning
• Durable and distinct record via
– Associations—imagery, rhymes, e.g. HOMES
– Effort and rehearsal
• Provides effective cues for recall
– e.g. encoding specificity (Tulving, 1973)
Encoding/Retention/Retrieval - where you learned the information encoding specificity
Mnemonic devices
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• The method of loci
– Physical location and mental image
– Driveway grapefruit
– Garage door tomatoes
• The peg word
– Peg one through 10 and mental image
– One is a bun cup
– Two is a shoe flag
Hermann von Ebbinghaus
• Himself as participant
• Nonsense syllables
• Relearning task
• Savings score for how well we can remember things
Encoding: Rehearsal
• Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)
– Deliberate recycling or practicing of the contents of the short-term store
• Types of rehearsal
– Low-level rehearsal
– Elaborative rehearsal
• Levels of Processing what you are using to remember the information or how you process might
have implications for how well you can remember the material later
Example:
1 5
2 3
3 1
4 1
5 5
6 4
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Document Summary
Older material interferes forward in time with your recollection of current stimuli. Newer material interferes backward in time with your recollection of older items. Procedural (skills and habits)- how you ride a bike. Priming - prior stimulus makes you able to identify etc. Implicit memory unconscious, automatic: procedural, priming, associative. Implications for distinct neuroanatomical substrates for different types of memory. Three principles: provides a structure for learning, durable and distinct record via. Effort and rehearsal: provides effective cues for recall. Encoding/retention/retrieval - where you learned the information encoding specificity. Peg one through 10 and mental image. Hermann von ebbinghaus: himself as participant, nonsense syllables, relearning task. Savings score for how well we can remember things. Deliberate recycling or practicing of the contents of the short-term store. Levels of processing what you are using to remember the information or how you process might have implications for how well you can remember the material later.
