PSYC 305 Lecture 5: Chapter 8 Memory
Ashcraft Chapter 8
The Seven Sins of Memory
Propositions-- read section summary
Embodied Cognition
False Memory
Authobiographical Memory
Flashbulb Memory
Schacter Seven Sins of Memory
first three sins of omission
Propositions
• Skip--The Nature of Propositios
• Do Read--Proposition section summary
• Do know Proposition definition:
– A representation of meaning that can be stored in and retrieved from memory
Situation Models and Embodied Cognition
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• How we think is influenced by how we act/interact with our world
• Dijk & Kintsch—three parallel levels
– Surface—verbatim mental representation of exact words (aka technical
accuracy)
• Conversations or lectures
– Textbase—basic idea units (aka propositions)
• Basic framework/scheme
– Situation model—we create models of the situations described (aka gist)
Kintsch et al., 1987
• Participants read text
• Delay
• Recognition test—did you see this sentence (yes/no)?
– Verbatim probes
– Paraphrases
– Inferences
– Wrogs
→Mental model where they take propositions and put in a framework was the best of
remembering, text base was next best, verbatim recall was the worst
Episodic versus Semantic Memory
Aka RECONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY
• Normal, everyday operation of long term memory
– continual, coordinated, cooperative interactions between these two memory
systems
• Reconstructive memory and semantic integration
• Gist versus Technical Accuracy
• WHY? Becomes an issue in eye witness testimony etc
Ats Ate the Jelly
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• Bransford & Franks, 197’s
• Quantifying the abstraction of linguistic ideas
• Hypothesis:
– Abstractions are what we store in memory
Bransford & Franks experimental paradigm
• Systematically varied the number of propositions contained in test sentences
• Propositional complexity first list--varied from 1 to 3
– Ones : The jelly was sweet.
– Twos : The sweet jelly was on the table.
– Threes : The ants ate the sweet jelly on the table.
• I test list, to 4’s appeared
– Fours : The ants in the kitchen ate the sweet jelly on the table.
• Sentences read to participants and they had to answer a question about each sentence
• 24 sentences, five minute delay, participants then presented with a second list of
sentences
• Decide whether the sentences were "OLD" (had appeared in List 1), or were "NEW"
(sentence had not been previously heard)
• In addition, they also assigned confidence values which stated how sure the subject
was of their response
Results
• Subjects more likely to "false alarm" (or false positive) to 3 and 4 propositional
sentences
• The higher the propositional complexity, the more confident the subjects were that they
had heard the sentence in List 1.
• Bransford & Franks concluded that participants integrated related sentences into a
coherent whole during List 1 study time.
Language Abstraction
• Barlett
– Sentence and story schemata
• Bransford & Franks
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Document Summary
Schacter seven sins of memory first three sins of omission. Propositions: skip--(cid:862)the nature of propositio(cid:374)s(cid:863, do read--proposition section summary, do know proposition definition: A representation of meaning that can be stored in and retrieved from memory. Situation models and embodied cognition: how we think is influenced by how we act/interact with our world, dijk & kintsch three parallel levels. Surface verbatim mental representation of exact words (aka technical accuracy: conversations or lectures. Textbase basic idea units (aka propositions: basic framework/scheme. Situation model we create models of the situations described (aka gist) Mental model where they take propositions and put in a framework was the best of remembering, text base was next best, verbatim recall was the worst. Aka reconstructive memory: normal, everyday operation of long term memory. Becomes an issue in eye witness testimony etc (cid:862)a(cid:374)ts ate the jelly(cid:863: bransford & franks, 197(cid:1004)"s, quantifying the abstraction of linguistic ideas, hypothesis: Abstractions are what we store in memory.
