BIO 122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Adherens Junction, Photophosphorylation, Light-Independent Reactions
30 May 2018
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You do not need to memorize chemical/structural formulas. For some of you, it might help you to
visualize what is happening, but it is not anything that I will ask you about. However, I do want
you to be able to follow the carbons at each stage and really see how the details of what is
happening helps explain the logic of a given reaction and how it fits into photosynthesis (just as I
said for respiration) as a whole.
Know
• the general equations that represent the process of photosynthesis.
o Photo (light reactions) and Synthesis (Carbon Fixing and the Calvin Cycle)
• CO2 + H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O
• Water is oxidized to O2.
• CO2 is reduced to glucose (C6H12O6).
• structures of the chloroplast and where particular reactions take place
• that plants also must undergo cellular respiration, also
• what the mesophyll tissue refers to and that this is the primary site of photosynthesis
• what the stomata and their guard cells are
• what a chloroplast is
• what thylakoids, grana and stroma refer to
• what chlorophyll and carotenoids are and that their structure relates to their function
• that chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light
• that carotenoids absorb blue and green light
• that a photosystem is an aggregate of pigments that can absorb light and that energy can be
transferred
• that a photosystem is comprised of the antenna complex and the reaction
center
• that water acts as the electron source in PSII
• how ATP is produced by PSII (noncyclic photophosphorylation)
o that pheophytin acts as an electron acceptor in PSII
o that plastoquinone acts as an electron shuttle from PSII & pheophytin to drive
proton gradient production
o that protons are pumped inside the thylakoid from the stroma
o that ATP is produced by chemiosmosis driving ATP synthase
• how PSI produces NADPH
• that PSI can instead boost ATP generation (cyclic photophosphorylation)
• what the Z scheme refers to
• that plastocynanin links PSII and PSI in the Zscheme
• the 3 phases of the Calvin Cycle and what happens in each
• what rubisco is
• what RuBP is
• what photorespiration refers to
• C4 and CAM plant adaptations to resist water evaporation
• What the extracellular matrix is and examples of ECM proteins
• The difference between the primary and secondary cell wall of the plant
• That polysaccharides and proteoglycans function in extracellular structure and organization
• The general types of junctions that can occur between cells or between cells and matrix (i.e.,
anchoring junctions), and their basic functions
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