BIO 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope
BIO 330 Lecture notes 29:
• What are the three main ideas of the cell theory?
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living things.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
• Why is Robert Hooke famous?
• saw dead cork cells in microscope and called them "cells" in 1665
• Why is Anton van Leeuwenhoek famous?
• made own lenses and was first to see microscopic organisms in pond water which he
called "animalcules"
• Scanning Electron Microscope
• views surfaces only
• Transmission Electron Microscope
• views internal structures
• Prokaryotic Cell
• Smaller, simpler cell lacks nucleus, membraned internal organelles, DNA located in
cytoplasm. ex.)bacteria, algae
• Eukaryotic Cell
• Larger, more complex cell, has nucleus and membraned internal organelles, DNA
located within nucleus. ex.) fungi plants, animals
• What 4 things do all cells have?
• Cell membrane, DNA, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes
• Cell/Plasma Membrane
• A boundary that functions to isolate enzymes into compartments &
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• regulate transport of substances.
• What is the cell/plasma membrane made of?
• phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol
• Nucleus
• Control center of the cell that contains most of DNA to direct cellular activities
• Nucleolus
• Dark structure inside nucleus that makes parts of the ribosome
• Ribosome
• Assembly line to make proteins that consists of protein and RNA. Is found in all cells
attached to membranes or suspended freely in cytoplasm
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• ER lacking attached ribosomes; produce lipids, especially steroids like sex hormones
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• ER having attached ribosomes; found in cells that make and secrete lots of proteins or
enzymes (salivary glands)
• Golgi Apparatus/Body
• Stacks of flattened sacs that modify, store, and route proteins and other products to
their destinations
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