PSY 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Text Messaging, Inattentional Blindness, Change Blindness
greater
Participants spent significantly _________ proportion of time looking inside the vehicle when texting
during the retrieving and sending.
The Effects of Text Messaging on Young Drivers.
variability
Drivers also significantly increased the __________ in their lane position when sending and retrieving
text messages during the car-following task. Even though this was significant, it did not reach statistical
significance. The Effects of Text Messaging on Young Drivers.
visual, follow
Text messaging while driving affected drivers' _________ scanning of the road, their ability to maintain
time headway and lane position, and their ability to __________ lane change signs. Increases dangers by
400%
Messaging on Young drivers
Johnson/Heinz Capacity Model
Think about how spotlight works.
If you use a spotlight on a signer the light is more focused.
Or if you use a spotlight on the stage its less focus
Johnson/Heinz Capacity Model
Characteristics of this model:
Task - shows how flexible you are ex. walking and texting
When you focus more on the stage/mood/chemical state
Individual differences - we are usually stuck in different type of spotlights
Johnson/Heinz Capacity Model
explains why humans a are flexible with tasks
OCD
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will focus on one matter but will not be paying attention to anything else. Many people in school do
good with this disorder
ADHD
variants of attention deficits, but you might have too much attention. Many people do poor in school
with this disorder. But it is better for outside world
Johnson/Heinz Capacity Model
OCD and ADHD is one of the two explanations of how people use spotlights
Neisser's Schema Theory
Really wants to see why we attend to certain stuff, wanted to look at visual attentional, wanted to know
whats a schema
Theory is based on culture.
Neisser's Schema Theory
In his experiment he found out that kids don't remember events of placing food, eating, or anything
about the environment when going to mcdonalds.
While kids focus on what is more important to them like toys.
Also that kids have a script for birthday parties
Neisser's Schema Theory
Kids have a script for birthday parties and tend to have certain ideas of what a birthday party is suppose
to look like.
Johnson/Heinz theory
I believe that the _______________ ____________ explains attention.
spotlights
I believe that the Johnson/Heinz theory best explains attention, because it focuses on
_______________. How the way we focus our attention is based on how we view things in life.
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Inattentional blindness
failure to notice something (big) in the environment, unless you are paying attention to it
Change blindness
failure to notice changes to scenes when the scenes is somehow disrupted
selective attention
refers to the fact we usually focus our attention on one or a few tasks or events rather than on many
Deutsch & Norman Late selection theory
this theory holds that all messages are routinely processed for at least some aspects of meaning , that
selection of which message to respond to happens late in processing
not
the problem with the spotlight metaphor assumes that attention is always directed at a specific location,
which may _____ be the case
Neisser's Schema theory
argued that we do not filter, attenuate, or forget unwanted material . Instead we never acquired it
attend, focus
Why do people fail to notice gross changes in the environment?
We only perceive those events to which we ____, especially if the unexpected event is dissimilar to the
_______ of our attention, and if our attention is tightly focused on something else
Simon research
participants were asked to follow either the white team or black team and to count the number of times
the team they were watching passed a basketball
OR
to keep track separately of both the number of bounce passes and the number of aerial passes made by
the target team.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Participants spent significantly _________ proportion of time looking inside the vehicle when texting during the retrieving and sending. The effects of text messaging on young drivers. variability. Drivers also significantly increased the __________ in their lane position when sending and retrieving text messages during the car-following task. Even though this was significant, it did not reach statistical significance. The effects of text messaging on young drivers. visual, follow. Text messaging while driving affected drivers" _________ scanning of the road, their ability to maintain time headway and lane position, and their ability to __________ lane change signs. If you use a spotlight on a signer the light is more focused. Or if you use a spotlight on the stage its less focus. Task - shows how flexible you are ex. walking and texting. When you focus more on the stage/mood/chemical state. Individual differences - we are usually stuck in different type of spotlights.
