ANTHR 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Brain Size, Homo Sapiens, Atapuerca Mountains
Document Summary
Neandertals- archaic species of homo that lived in europe and western asia 13,000-35,000 years ago (disc. Youngest one from france (35,000 years ago); another from spain (27,000 years ago) Origin of neanderthals sima de los huesos (pit of the bones) Shorter and more robust; massive skulls; continuous brow ridges; protruding, chinless faces. Robusticity and markings for muscle attachment on limbs suggest they were heavily muscled. Teeth larger; enlarged pulp cavities and fused roots taurodontism. Lower jaw bone; possess gap behind 3rd molar retromolar space extreme forward placement of teeth. Forward placement and characteristic wear patterns on neanderthal incisors suggest that they regularly used front teeth as clamp ----- no chin. Cranial capacity is larger, but braincase is elongated with foreheads of modern humans. Fossilized impressions of neanderthal brain appear to show same pattern of difference between left and right halves (brain asymmetry) also found in humans. Pubic bone is longer and thinner to posture and locomotion.
