CHEM 2152 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Diethyl Ether, Sodium Sulfate
CHEMISTRY 2153
ACID AND BASE EXTRACTION - EXERCISE ANSWERS
2. The anhydrous sodium sulfate is used to remove the last traces of water that may remain in the organic solvent.
Although the organic solvent was chosen because it is "immiscible" in water, it is generally the case that the two liquids will
have some slight solubility in each other. For example, the solubility of ether in water is 6 g/100mL and of water in ether is
1.2 g/100mL at 25°.
3. Swirling increases the surface area of contact between the solution and the drying agent. This process hastens the
drying.
4.
5. We use the equation x mL water
K = ------ X ----------------------
a - x mL diethyl ether
Part a.
x 400
3.0 = --------- X --------- Solving x = 7.2 g
12 - x 200
Part b.
For the first extraction with 67 mL:
3.0 = [x/(12-x)] X 400/67 , Solving x= 4.01 g
For the second extraction with 67 mL
3.0 = [x/(12-4.01-x)] x 400/67, Solving x= 2.67 g
For the third extraction with 67 mL
3.0 = [x/(12-4.01-2.67-x)] X 400/67, Solving x= 1.78 g
Total extracted = 4.01 + 2.67 + 1.78 = 8.46 g
Thus, three extractions with the same total volume of extracting solvent are more efficient than a single extraction.
Document Summary
The anhydrous sodium sulfate is used to remove the last traces of water that may remain in the organic solvent. Although the organic solvent was chosen because it is immiscible in water, it is generally the case that the two liquids will have some slight solubility in each other. For example, the solubility of ether in water is 6 g/100ml and of water in ether is. Swirling increases the surface area of contact between the solution and the drying agent. This process hastens the drying. x ml water. K = ------ x ---------------------- a - x ml diethyl ether. 3. 0 = --------- x --------- solving x = 7. 2 g. 3. 0 = [x/(12-x)] x 400/67 , solving x= 4. 01 g. 3. 0 = [x/(12-4. 01-x)] x 400/67, solving x= 2. 67 g. 3. 0 = [x/(12-4. 01-2. 67-x)] x 400/67, solving x= 1. 78 g. Total extracted = 4. 01 + 2. 67 + 1. 78 = 8. 46 g.