ACCT 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Accounts Payable, Current Liability, Promissory Note

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ivoryhornet946

28 Aug 2016

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Chapter #2: a further look at financial statements. Ex: land, buildings, equipment, delivery vehicles, furniture: intangible assets: assets that do not have physical substance and yet often are very valuable. Ex: goodwill, patents, copyrights, trademarks: current liabilities: obligations that the company is to pay within the next year or operating cycle. Ex: accounts payable, salaries and wages payable, anything ending in payable. Ex: bonds payable, mortgages payable, long-term notes payable, lease liabilities, pension liabilities: stockholder"s equity: (common stock and retained earnings) Using the financial statements: ratio analysis: expresses the relationship among selected items of financial statement data, ratio: expresses the mathematical relationship between one quantity and another. Profitability ratios: measure the income or operating success of a company for a given period of time. Liquidity ratios: measure short-term ability of the company to pay its maturing obligations and to meet unexpected needs for cash. Provides a useful perspective for determining the investment return.

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PROBLEM 15-15 Comprehensive Ratio Analysis (L015-2, L015-3, L015-4, L015-5, L015-6] You have just been hired as a financial analyst for Lydex Company, a manufacturer of safety hel- mets. Your boss has asked you to perform a comprehensive analysis of the company's financial statements, including comparing Lydex's performance to its major competitors. The company's financial statements for the last two years are as follows: Lydex Company Comparative Balance Sheet This Year Last Year $ 960,000 0 2,700,000 3,900,000 240,000 7,800,000 9,300,000 $17,100,000 $ 1,260,000 300,000 1,800,000 2,400,000 180,000 5,940,000 8,940,000 $14,880,000 Assets Current assets: Cash .... Marketable securities ......... Accounts receivable, net ........ Inventory .......... Prepaid expenses.......... Total current assets. ........ Plant and equipment, net ..... Total assets ............. Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Liabilities: Current liabilities. Note payable, 10% ................. Total liabilities .... .......... Stockholders' equity: Common stock, $78 par value ......... Retained earnings .................. Total stockholders' equity .............. Total liabilities and stockholders' equity.... $ 3,900,000 3,600,000 7,500,000 $2,760,000 3,000,000 5,760,000 7,800,000 1,800,000 9,600,000 $17,100,000 7,800,000 1,320,000 9,120,000 $14,880,000 Lydex Company Comparative Income Statement and Reconciliation This Year Last Year Sales (all on account) $15,750,000 $12,480,000 Cost of goods sold .. 12,600,000 9,900,000 Gross margin ....................... 3,150,000 2,580,000 Selling and administrative expenses ...... 1,590,000 1,560,000 Net operating income.................. 1,560,000 1,020,000 Interest expense ...................... 360,000 300,000 Net income before taxes ............... 1,200,000 720,000 Income taxes (30%) 360,000 216,000 Net income ........................ 840,000 504,000 Common dividends .................. 360,000 252,000 Net income retained 480,000 252,000 Beginning retained earnings ........ 1,320,000 1,068,000 Ending retained earnings ............... $ 1,800,000 $1,320,000 To begin your assigment you gather the following financial data and ratios that are typical of companies in Lydex Company's industry: 2.3 1.2 Current ratio ...................... Acid-test ratio ..... Average collection period ...... Average sale period .... Return on assets .... Debt-to-equity ratio .......... Times interest earned ratio ......... Price-earnings ratio .......... 30 days 60 days 9.5% 0.65 5.7 10 Required: 1. You decide first to assess the company's performance in terms of debt management and profit- ability. Compute the following for both this year and last year: a. The times interest earned ratio. b. The debt-to-equity ratio. c. The gross margin percentage. d. The return on total assets. (Total assets at the beginning of last year were $12.960,000.) e. The return on equity. (Stockholders' equity at the beginning of last year totaled $9,048,000. There has been no change in common stock over the last two years.) f. Is the company's financial leverage positive or negative? Explain. You decide next to assess the company's stock market performance. Assume that Lydex's stock price at the end of this year is $72 per share and that at the end of last year it was $40. For both this year and last year, compute: a. The earnings per share. b. The dividend yield ratio. c. The dividend payout ratio. d. The price-earnings ratio. How do investors regard Lydex Company as compared to other companies in the industry? Explain. e. The book value per share of common stock. Does the difference between market value per share and book value per share suggest that the stock at its current price is a bargain? Explain. 3. You decide, finally, to assess the company's liquidity and asset management. For both this year and last year, compute: a. Working capital. b. The current ratio. The acid-test ratio. d. The average collection period. (The accounts receivable at the beginning of last year totaled $1,560,000.) e. The average sale period. (The inventory at the beginning of last year totaled $1,920,000.) f. The operating cycle. g. The total asset turnover. (The total assets at the beginning of last year totaled $14,500,000.) 4. Prepare a brief memo that summarizes how Lydex is performing relative to its competitors.

PROBLEM 15-20 Ethics and the Manager (L015-2, L015-4] Venice InLine, Inc., was founded by Russ Perez to produce a specialized in-line skate he had designed for doing aerial tricks. Up to this point, Russ has financed the company with his own savings and with cash generated by his business. However, Russ now faces a cash crisis. In the year just ended, an acute shortage of high-impact roller bearings developed just as the company was beginning production for the Christmas season. Russ had been assured by his suppliers that the roller bearings would be delivered in time to make Christmas shipments, but the suppliers were unable to fully deliver on this promise. As a consequence, Venice InLine had large stocks of unfin ished skates at the end of the year and was unable to fill all of the orders that had come in from retailers for the Christmas season. Consequently, sales were below expectations for the year, and Russ does not have enough cash to pay his creditors. Well before the accounts payable were due, Russ visited a local bank and inquired about obtaining a loan. The loan officer at the bank assured Russ that there should not be getting a loan to pay off his accounts payable-providing that on his most recent financial state- ments the current ratio was above 2.0, the acid-test ratio was above 1.0, and net operating income was at least four times the interest on the proposed loan. Russ promised to return later with a copy of his financial statements. Russ would like to apply for a $80,000 six-month loan bearing an interest rate of 10% per year. The unaudited financial reports of the company appear below: Venice InLine, Inc. Comparative Balance Sheet As of December 31 (dollars in thousands) This Year Last Year $ 70 $150 160 100 $482 Assets Current assets: Cash... Accounts receivable, net ............. Inventory ... Prepaid expenses .................. Total current assets ................... Property and equipment ............... Total assets ........ Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable ... Accrued liabilities Total current liabilities ................. Long-term liabilities ................... Total liabilities... Stockholders' equity: Common stock and additional paid-in capital ..... Retained earnings .......... Total stockholders' equity .............. Total liabilities and stockholders' equity .... $154 10 164 100 100 296 396 $560 100 282 382 $482 Venice InLine, Inc. Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31 (dollars in thousands) This Year $420 290 130 Sales (all on account) .......... Cost of goods sold ....................... Gross margin ............ Selling and administrative expenses: Selling expenses Administrative expenses ........ Total selling and administrative expenses..... Net operating income...... Interest expense ........................ Net income before taxes ............. Income taxes (30%) ................... Net income 8181818181 Required: 1. Based on the unaudited financial statements and the statement made by the loan officer, would the company qualify for the loan? 2. Last year Russ purchased and installed new, more efficient equipment to replace an older plas- tic injection molding machine. Russ had originally planned to sell the old machine but found that it is still needed whenever the plastic injection molding process is a bottleneck. When Russ discussed his cash flow problems with his brother-in-law, he suggested to Russ that the old machine be sold or at least reclassified as inventory on the balance sheet because it could be readily sold. At present, the machine is carried in the Property and Equipment account and could be sold for its net book value of $45,000. The bank does not require audited financial statements. What advice would you give to Russ concerning the machine?

Please include the answer for the depreciation expense and accumulated depreciation. i noticed other posts with this similar questions didnt have the answer to those

Required:

#1.

Prepare journal entries to record the December transactions in the General Journal Tab in the excel template file "Accounting Cycle Excel Template.xlsx". Use the following accounts as appropriate: Cash, Accounts Receivable, Supplies, Prepaid Insurance, Equipment, Accumulated Depreciation, Accounts Payable, Wages Payable, Common Stock, Retained Earnings, Dividends, Service Revenue, Depreciation Expense, Wages Expense, Supplies Expense, Rent Expense, and Insurance Expense.