ANTH 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Species Problem, Cladogenesis, Anagenesis
13 Oct 2020
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Document Summary
Identification of a species is fundamental to any system of classification. Groups of individuals capable of breeding (or potentially breeding) and producing offspring capable of breeding. Ability of individuals to identify members of their own species for purposes of mating. Species is a group of organisms exploiting a single niche. Niche ecological role and space than an organism fills in an ecosystem. A species is the smallest cluster of individuals where we see a common ancestor. This is what is usually used with fossils. Reproductive isolation can be pre-zygotic or post-zygotic. Prevents hybrids from passing on their genes. Ns may also be at work adaptation to habitat. Part of population enters a new niche acts as a barrier to gene flow. Punctuated equilibrium periods of fast change then periods of stasis. Eldridge and gould"s idea of evolution. Biologists map biodiversity using cladograms (aka phylogenetic trees) Cladograms start with characteristics, then work backward to figure out speciation events.
