BIOS-115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Chromatin, Mitosis, Chromosome
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4 Nov 2018
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What are chromosomes: human cell = >6 billion nucleotide base pairs (~6 feet, wrapped around dna + protein = chromatin, dna/protein = chromosome. How many chromosomes do humans have: humans are diploid (2n) Two of each chromosome, one from each parent. n = 23 unique chromosomes (haploid #) How many chromosomes do humans have: two copies of each chromosome in human cells are homologous. Different versions - same genes in same locations but different dna sequence. Different versions (alleles) of a gene may promote different traits (e. g. hair type): ex: the diploid chromosome number in standard laboratory mice (genus mus) is 40. Acrocentric- centromere favorably to one side more than other (smaller end = bulb, longer = stalk) Before cell division each chromosome duplicates: chromatid : one copy of a newly replicated chromosome, sister chromatids: exact copies of chromosome (duplicated) held together by centromeres, daughter chromosomes: separated sister chromatids. Mitosis: mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
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