BIOL 1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Glycosidic Bond, Carbon, Hydrolysis

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cerisegiraffe538

11 Sep 2015

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Nucleic acids: most (some exceptions) polymers are made up of smaller units monomers, synthesis is by dehydration reaction, breakdown is by hydrolysis. Made up of carbon(c), hydrogen (h), and oxygen (o) Linear or ringed structures: three groups, monosaccharides (ch2o)n. In solution, carbohydrates normally form ring structures: trioses c3h6o3, glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, pentoses c5h10o5, hexoses c6h12o6, ribulose, ribose, glucose, galactose, fructose, disaccharides: two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond (hydrolysis) Important disaccharides: sucrose: glucose + frutose, lactose: galactose + glucose, maltose: glucose + glucose monomers joined by glycosidic bonds) Functions: energy storage polysaccharides, polysaccharides: sugar polymers of monosaccharides (100"s to 1000"s of, starch (mostly plant cells): 1-4 linkage of alpha glucose. Starch is a major storage molecule in plants: glycogen (animals): like amylopectin but more highly branched. Storage molecule in vertebrates: mobile energy molecules, glucose, sucrose, structural functions, cellulose: plant cell walls 1-4 linkage of beta glucose, generally unbranched.

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