FSW 245 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Egg Cell, Twin, Ovulation
18 Feb 2019
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Chapter 3: Forming a New Life: Conception, Heredity, and
Environment
Changing the Theories of Conception
1. Animaliculists: believed that humans were preformed
in the head of a sperm
2. Ovists: believed that humans were pre-formed in
eggs and being activated by the male’s sperm
- Kasper Friedrich Wolff- supported the gradual building
of structures theory
o Groups of cells which were initially unspecialized
differentiated into a variety of tissues, organs and
systems
How Fertilization Takes Place
- Fertilization: union of sperm and ovum that produce a
zygote
o Also called conception
- Zygote: one-celled organism that is a result of
fertilization
o Duplicates itself by cell division which creates a
baby
- Women
o At birth, have approximately 2 million ova in their
ovaries, each contained in a follicle
- Men
o Several hundred million of sperm are produced in
the testicles each day
Infertility:
- Infertility: Inability to conceive a child after 12 months
of trying
o Women’s fertility starts to decline in the late 20s
o Men’s fertility starts to decline in the late 30s
o Causes of infertility in men and women
▪ Male causes:
• Abnormal sperm production or function
• Impaired delivery of sperm into vagina
• Age
• General health and lifestyle issues
• Environmental exposure
▪ Female causes:
• Fallopian tube damage or blockage
• Endometriosis
• Ovulation disorders
Document Summary
Chapter 3: forming a new life: conception, heredity, and. Changing the theories of conception: animaliculists: believed that humans were preformed in the head of a sperm, ovists: believed that humans were pre-formed in eggs and being activated by the male"s sperm. Kasper friedrich wolff- supported the gradual building of structures theory: groups of cells which were initially unspecialized differentiated into a variety of tissues, organs and systems. Fertilization: union of sperm and ovum that produce a zygote: also called conception. Zygote: one-celled organism that is a result of fertilization: duplicates itself by cell division which creates a baby. Women: at birth, have approximately 2 million ova in their ovaries, each contained in a follicle. Men: several hundred million of sperm are produced in the testicles each day. Treatments for infertility: hormone treatment, surgery, drug therapy (hormone= enzyme 10- but can cause abnormal chromosomes) Assisted reproductive technology (art): methods used to achieve conception through artificial means.
