BIO 320 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit Ii, Angiogenesis, Stomach Cancer
Document Summary
Cancer patients have next to no functional immune system. I(cid:373)(cid:373)ortalized a(cid:374)d do (cid:374)ot follo(cid:449) (cid:862)(cid:374)or(cid:373)al(cid:863) (cid:272)ell rules: mutagens. Well-defined border: surgically speaking it should be relatively easy to remove. Not called cancer: may (cid:271)e (cid:272)o(cid:374)sidered (cid:862)pre-(cid:272)a(cid:374)(cid:272)er(cid:863) Poor differentiation: they almost go backwards in differentiation, almost stem like. Neoplasia: literally (cid:373)ea(cid:374)s (cid:862)(cid:374)e(cid:449) gro(cid:449)th(cid:863: neoplasti(cid:272) (cid:272)ells are said to (cid:271)e (cid:862)tra(cid:374)sfor(cid:373)ed(cid:863) (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause they (cid:272)o(cid:374)ti(cid:374)ue to repli(cid:272)ate outside of regulatory influences that control normal cell growth. Based on type of tissue: carcinoma, transform epithelial cells ectoderm, may happen in gi tract, uterus, respiratory, ex: skin, adenocarcinoma, glandular tissue, sarcoma, transformed connective tissue, ex : muscle; cartilage mesoderm, leukemia, blood/bone marrow, lymphoma. Carcinoma in situ (cis: early form and usually do not form tumor. This benign glandular tumor (adenoma) is projecting into the colonic lumen and is attached to the mucosa by a distinct stalk. Ignore traditional cell signals: anchoragedependent, stop growing once they reach the edge of a petri dish.
