CCJ 250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Labeling Theory, Urban Renewal, Tax Expenditure

• School: NAU
• Department: Criminology and Criminal Justice
• Course: CCJ 250
• Professor: Kenneth Cruz

Document Summary

Anomie: normlessness: durkheim: unlimited aspirations, merton: imbalance between aspirations and means. Structural barriers: access to education, middle-class youth have greater access, lower-class youth have limited access. Strain: if traditional channels to higher positions, such as education, are restricted for large categories of people, then pressures will mount for the use of alternative routes . Expanding opportunity: cazenave (2007, expand opportunity vs, assimilate youth. Sharkey: fha loans in the 1950s, subsidization of white outmigration , fha guidelines discouraged loans to racial minorities and prohibited loans that would lead to racially or economically integrated neighborhoods , encouraged the use of restrictive covenants . The civil rights act: cured racism in our society, ended employment discrimination by making it illegal, did not end employment discrimination because it has suffered from weak enforcement, a and b. Investment in education: make sure people have equal access to education, those who have quality pre-k are less likely to be criminals as adults.