PSY30310 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Cyclothymia, Hypersomnia, Anxiogenic
Document Summary
Onset in early 20s (onset age decreased over time) Gender difference: reporting bias, depression is x-linked, sexual abuse more frequent in women, learned helplessness facilitated by traditionally dependent role of women, response tendency rumination vs. action. Neurochemical aetiology: low noradrenaline and 5-ht causes depression, high noradrenaline causes mania, low serotonin (5-ht) reduces modulation of other neurotransmitters. Cognitive theory: depressogenic schemas, automatic negative thoughts (beck) types of cognitive biases. Magnification and minimisation: irrational beliefs (ellis, learned helplessness model. Dogs placed in inescapable shock paradigm learned not to try escaping situations that were easily escapable. People learn to attribute failure to internal, stable, global attributes and not try reconsidering. Interpersonal factors: when there is marital discord, there is no social support to help deal with problems because the social support is the problem. This creates a deviation amplifying spiral: social skills deficits such as a need for excessive reassurance or emotion-focus can drive people away, lack of response contingent positive reinforcement.
