BIOL 1400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Glycogen, Dehydration Reaction, Asparagine
Document Summary
Types of chemical bonds: van der waals forces, hydrogen bonds, covalent, ionic. Van der waals forces the movement of electrons in the molecule or atom creates instant non-uniformity of the charge distribution. Hydrogen bonds the result of attractions between weak charge difference and requires polar covalent bonds (weak, easily broken) ex: water and dna. Dehydration synthesis (condensation) reaction removal of water, formation of a covalent bond b/t two monomers. Hydrolysis addition of water, breaking of covalent bonds. Isomers have the same chemical formula, but differ in spatial arrangement ex: glucose, galactose, mannose glucose galactose mannose. Polysaccharides long chain molecules with repeating subunits ex: starch (polymer of glucose) amylose (unbranched chain) glycogen (highly branched) Stereoisomers of glucose polymers of the two stereoisomers of glucose produce polymers with very different properties. Sugar derivatives replace hydroxyl with an amine glucosamine. Chitin structural polysaccharide polymer of beta-glucose molecules w/a nitrogen containing functional group. C-h bonds with carboxyl group (cooh) on one end.
