ANTH-UA 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Egg Cell, Archaea, Chromosome
21 Oct 2014
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Document Summary
Homunculus - a tiny version of a fully formed individual. Eventually replaced by the concept of epigenesis (an organism develops from a fertilized egg) Uniform blend of parents" phenotypes are passed on to offspring. Problem: fitness effects of one parent would be blended out by the other parent; this diminishment continues with the offspring. Prokaryotic - single-celled organisms such as bacteria or archaea; no nucleus, so genetic material is not separated from the rest of the cell. Eukaryotic - a cell that possesses a well-organized nucleus; eukaryotic organization may have facilitated the origin of multicellularity. Nucleus - surrounded by plasma membrane; contains nuclear dna. Cytoplasm - gel-like substance that contains the cell"s organelles (maintain the cell and carry out its functions) Mitochondria - produce energy through a metabolic process (use oxygen to convert sugars to energy); contain their own dna. Endoplasmic reticulum - sites where genetic info is translated to proteins; contain ribosomes which contain rna molecules.
