CHEM 2510 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Homologous Series, Chemical Polarity, Substituent

• School: Ohio State University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHEM 2510
• Professor: Krista Cunningham

Document Summary

Funcional groups atoms or groups of atoms that tend to be sites of comparaively high chemical reacivity: control reacivity of molecule as a whole. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon: alkanes hydrocarbons only containing single bonds, cycloalkanes carbons that form a ring, alkenes double-bonded carbons, alkynes triple-bonded carbons. R represents a part of an alkane molecule. Straight-chain alkanes form a homologous series: each carbon is bound to its two neighbors and to two hydrogen atoms except for the two terminal carbons which are bound to one other carbon and three hydrogens. Branched alkanes are consituional isomers of straight-chain alkanes: a hydrogen is removed from a ch2 group and replaced with an alkyl group. Systemaic nomenclature the name of a compound describes its structure: the stem (from greek) reveal the number of carbon atoms in the chain, all end in ane. Primary a carbon atached directly to only one other carbon.