PSY 3430 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Chromosome Abnormality, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
3 Jul 2018
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Thursday, February 15, 2018
Intellectual Disability: ch.5
•Significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behave."
•Measure by IQ score"
•Conceptual, social, & practical adaptive skills"
•Begins before age 18"
•Formerly known as “mental retardation”"
•Not a mental disorder re: abnormal emotions, cognitions, or behaviors "
History
•Eugenics: science dealing w/ all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race"
•Public & professional emphasis shifted away from the needs of persons w/ mental
retardation toward a consideration of the needs of society."
•Society was to be protected from the presumable harm done by the presence of
these persons in the community."
•Persons w/ ID’s often were blamed for social ills of the time."
•Morons were seen as a threat to society because, unlike the insane, they could easily
pass for normal."
•The intellectually impaired & other undesirables again seen as a public menace"
•Should be feared and ostracized "
•Eugenics proposed segregating intellectually impaired."
Defining & measuring children intelligence
•Intelligence quotient (iq or equivalent) "
•Based on assessment w/ one or more of the standardized, individually administered
tests: WISC, Stanford Binet"
•Assess various verbal and visual spatial skills and mathematical concepts"
•Presumed to constitute the general construct known as intelligence"
•Scores derived from a standardized table based on a persons age and test score"
•Mean= 100, SD= 15"
#1
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Thursday, February 15, 2018
•Defining along a normal distribution "
•Approx. 95% of the population has scores within 2 standard deviations of the mean"
Defining and measuring adaptive behavior "
•Refers to how effectively individuals cope with ordinary life demands"
•How capable they are of independently and abiding by community standards"
The controversial IQ
•If a persons intelligence is relatively stable over time, then largely innate and fixed"
•but, intellectual and cognitive development is significantly shaped by the environment"
•Cognitive growth can be stimulated at a an early age and the level of mental
retardation decreased"
•IQ prior to the 1st birthday had no correlation w/ IQ ay 12"
•By the time children are 4, correlation w/ IQ pst 12 years is high (r = .77)"
Features of intellectual disabilities
•Children w/ ID show a considerable range of abilities and interpersonal qualities"
•With proper assistance can carry out their daily routines"
Impairments
•Code based on degree of severity reflecting level of intellectual impairment:"
•Mild: IQ level 50-70"
•Moderate: 35-50"
•Severe: 20-35"
•Profound: below 20"
Severity levels: mild
•About 85% of people w/ ID "
•Typically not identified until early elementary years"
•Overrepresentation of minority group members"
•Develop social and communication skills"
#2
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