BIO 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Cancer, Dysplasia, Angiogenesis
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1 May 2019
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● Outline
○ Uncontrolled cell division
○ Development of cancer
○ Multiple mutations
○ Cancer and epigenomics
○ Reducing the risk of cancer
● Uncontrolled cell division
○ All forms of cancer share one characteristic: uncontrolled cell division
○ One in three people in the US will develop cancer
○ Tumor (neoplasm)=a new and abnormal growth of cells
■ Two basic types
● Benign
● Malignant
○ Benign tumors
■ Abnormal mass of tissue surrounded by a capsule of connective
tissue
■ Usually remains at the site where it forms
■ Often can be removed completely by surgery
○ Malignant tumor
■ Invades surrounding tissue
■ Spreads to multiple locations=metastsis
■ Cancerous
Stages of cancer development
● Dysplasia in tissues of precancerous cells
● Carcinoma in situ
● Development of blood vessels-angiogenesis
● Metastasis
1. Dysplasia
○ Precancerous cells look different from normal cells
○ Abnormal shape caused by ragged edges
○ Unusually large nuclei with odd shape
○ May have extra chromosomes or be missing parts of some chromosomes
○ Form a disorganized clump
2. Carcinoma in situ (“cancer in place”)
○ Tiny mass only a millimeter or two in diameter
3. Tumor attracts a blood supply- angiogenesis
○ Blood brings nutrients and carries away wastes, allowing continued growth
○ Vessels form an escape route for tumor cells