BIO 220U Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Classical Conditioning, Behaviorism, Operant Conditioning
Document Summary
Direct opposition to psychoanalytic emphasis on unconscious hidden urges. Behaviorists emphasize the following to whatever a developing person does: nurture, specific responses from other ppl, environment. John b. watson (1878 1958: argued scientists should examine only what they could observe & measure, if psychologists focus on behavior, they will realize anything can be learned. Also called learning theory: conditioning: processes by which responses become linked to particular stimuli. Ivan pavlov (1849 1936: russian medical doctor, won nobel prize for work on digestion, scientific method steps: Step 1: experimental dogs awakened his curiosity. Step 2 & 3: conditioned dogs to salivate when they heard a specific noise. Step 4: when person/animal learns to associate neutral stimulus (sound) w/ meaningful stimulus (food) Gradually reacting to neutral stimulus same way as to meaningful one classical conditioning. B. f. skinner (1904 1990: north american behaviorist, inspired by pavlov, agreed classical conditioning explains some behavior, experimented to demonstrate operant conditioning.
