PYSO 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Moe Williams, Tight Junction, Mastication
12 May 2020
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Document Summary
Digestion of food requires the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules that can be absorbed into our system for use as 1) energy, 2) building blocks for complex molecules, 3) use as coenzymes, etc. in enzymatic reactions, etc. Components of the digestive system: gastrointestinal (gi) tract: Oral (buccal) cavity pharynx (throat) esophagus stomach small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) large intestine (cecum, appendix, colon, rectum) anus: accessory digestive organs: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder. Hydrolysis reactions: enzymatic reactions in which water is broken and used to break covalent bonds: polysaccharides (e. g. starch) monosaccharides (sugars, proteins peptides amino acids, triglycerides glycerol + fatty acids. Tight junctions of gi epithelium provide physical barrier to many disease-causing microbes and toxins. Lymphoid tissue (galt) contains immune cells to screen for pathogens. Usu sympathetic inhibits digestive tract function & diverts blood away from digestive tract in flight or flight mode. Mastication teeth used to mechanically break down food.
