NROSCI 0081 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Coca, Sympathetic Nervous System, Sigmund Freud
Document Summary
Stimulants: objectives, sources, historical background, mechanism of action, brain regions affects (pharmacodynamics, medical/recreational, pharmacokinetics, psych and physiological effects doses, acute/chronic use (how addictive are they?) tolerance/dependence. Isolated in 1850s: extracted from erythroxylon coca bush (leaves, need 250-400kg of leaves to make 1kg of cocaine, used widely in europe in 1800s. Inhaled sharply through nose: administration, peak: 15-20 min, distribution, brain: 3-5 min, does(cid:374)"t last very lo(cid:374)g only a couple hours, not long half-life. Injected: oral, vaporizes at high temperature, ca(cid:374)"t (cid:271)e s(cid:373)oked, crack cocaine (free-base, vaporizes at lower temp, more fat-soluble, typically smoked (inhalation, heated cocaine rock crystal vapors, absorption/distribution. Lungs to brain ~7 secs: perceived as more intense high (more lipid-soluble, quicker delivery & higher does to brain, more addiction potential, not pure modified. Injected (intravenous: less common less water-soluble. Inflated self-esteem/delusions of grandiosity: withdrawal, strong cravings, fatigue, anxiety, agitation, depression, restlessness.
