AN 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Foramen Magnum, Hominidae, Shock Absorber
14 Mar 2018
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Foramen magnum: underneath the base of the skull: great ape placed further back not centrally located. Sigmoid shape of the vertebral column: trunk and weight centered above pelvis. Os coxa: basin-shaped, broad and changes in muscle attachments. Lower limbs are longer than upper limbs. Femur is angled inward called the valgus knee . Knee joint allows for fuller extension and locking. Longitudinal arch acts as a shock absorber. Cenozoic era: pliocene (5-1. 8 mya, pleistocene (1. 8 mya 10 kya, holocene (10 kya present, debating anthropocene. 11/8/2016 8:45:00 pm: southern ape (of africa, from southern and east africa, brain size approximates other apes, no evidence of speech muscle attachments to the hyoid. Primitive traits: parallel tooth rows (u-shaped), canine sexual dimorphism. Derived traits: humerus (mixed), thick enamel, bipedaustral leg. Australopithecus afarensis 3. 4-2. 9 mya ethiopia, tanzania forest woodland. Vertical foramen magnum, heel and knee joint is very human-like. Used the trees, curved phalanges, long arms for body size.
