01:512:104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Economic Cooperation Administration, Tehran Conference, Mao Zedong
13 May 2018
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Chapter 29 - The Cold War
1)Origins of the Cold War
a)Sources of Soviet-American Tensions
i)Rivalry emerged b/c of difft visions of postwar world: US foresaw world
where nations shed military alliances and used democratic international
bodies as mediators; Soviet Union sought to control areas of strategic
influence
b)Wartime Diplomacy
i)Tensions began in 1943 b/c of Allied refusal to open second front w/ French
invasion, dispute over governance of Poland unresolved at Tehran
Conference
c)Yalta
i)Meeting of Big Three at Yalta in 1945 led to plan to create United Nations (w/
General Asembly and Security Council w/ permanent members)
ii)Disagreement existed over future of Polish govt (independent + democratic
vs Communist); US wanted to German reconstruction, Stalin wanted heavy
reparations- finally agreed to commission and each Ally given German “zone”
2)The Collapse of the Peace
a)The Failure of Potsdam
i)After Roosevelt’s death in April 1945, new Pres Truman decided US needed
to “Get Tough” w Soviets to honor Yalta accords
ii)Potsdam Conference in July ended w/ Stalin receiving increased land w/
new Polish-German border, US refusing to allow German reparations from
Allied zones but US recognizing new communist Polish govt under Soviet
influence
b)The China Problem
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i)US had vision of open world “policed” by major powers; vision troubled by
unpopular + corrupt Chinese govt under Chiang Kai-shek (supported by US
aid during civil war) who battled communists under Mao Zedong
ii)B/c Kai-shek govt sure to collapse, US sought to create new, Pro-West
Japan by encouraging industrial development, lift trade restrictions
c)The Containment Doctrine
i)US no longer sought “open” world but rather “containment” of Soviet
expansion; new Truman Doctrine sought aid for those forces in Turkey +
Greece opposing take-over of Communist forces under Soviet influence
d)The Marshall Plan
i)Sec of State George Marshall 1947 plan to provide aid to all Eur nations (for
humanitarian reasons, to rebuild to create markets for US goods, and to
strengthen Pro-US govts against communists); 1948 created the Economic
Cooperation Administration to channel billions of $ to aid economic revival
e)Mobilization at Home
i)US maintained wartime military levels, established Atomic Energy
Commission to continue nuclear research
ii)National Security Act of 1947 restructured military by creating Department of
Defense to combine all armed services, create National Security Council in
White House and Central Intelligence Agency to collect information
f)The Road to NATO
i)Truman merged German “Western zones” into the West German republic;
Stalin responded by blockading Western Berlin, Truman responded w/ airlift to
re-supply inhabitants; Federal Republic became govt of west Germany,
Democratic Republic of east
ii)To strengthen military position US and Western Eur naions1949 created
North Atlantic Treaty Organization as alliance to protect all members against
threat of Soviet invasion (communists 1955 formed similar Warsaw Pact)
g)Reevaluating Cold War Policy
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Conference c)yalta i)meeting of big three at yalta in 1945 led to plan to create united nations (w/ General asembly and security council w/ permanent members) ii)disagreement existed over future of polish govt (independent + democratic vs communist); us wanted to german reconstruction, stalin wanted heavy reparations- finally agreed to commission and each ally given german zone . Japan by encouraging industrial development, lift trade restrictions c)the containment doctrine i)us no longer sought open world but rather containment of soviet expansion; new truman doctrine sought aid for those forces in turkey + Cooperation administration to channel billions of $ to aid economic revival e)mobilization at home i)us maintained wartime military levels, established atomic energy. Commission to continue nuclear research ii)national security act of 1947 restructured military by creating department of. Defense to combine all armed services, create national security council in.
