01:510:261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Helen Lynd, Walter Lippmann, Clara Bow
13 May 2018
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Chapter 20 - From Business Culture to Great Depression:
The Twenties, 1920–1932
1. Decade of prosperity
1. Prevalence of business values
2. Industrial boom
1. Surging productivity and output
2. Emergence of new industries
3. Central role of automobile
3. Consumer society
1. Consumer goods
1. Proliferation
2. Marketing
3. Impact on daily life
1. Telephone
2. Household appliances
2. Leisure activities
1. Vacations
2. Movies
1. Popularity of
2. Hollywood's rising dominance of global film
industry
3. Sporting events
4. Radio and phonograph
5. Celebrity culture
3. New values
1. Growing acceptance of consumer debt
2. Shifting ideas of purpose and value of work
4. Limits of prosperity
1. Unequal distribution of wealth, income
2. Ongoing concentration of industry
3. Scale of poverty, unemployment
4. Deindustrialization in the North
5. Rural depression
1. Passing of wartime "golden age" for agriculture
2. Drop in farm incomes, rise in foreclosures
3. Decline in number of farms and farmers
4. Rural outmigration
5. Celebration of business
1. Themes
1. "American way of life"
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2. Permanent prosperity
3. Christ as business prototype
2. Promoters
1. Hollywood
2. Photographers and painters
3. Writers
4. Corporate public relations departments
3. Signs of impact
1. Idolization of business figures
2. Growing trust for business, stock market
6. Decline of labor
1. Postwar business campaign against unions
1. Appropriation of "Americanism," "industrial freedom"
2. "Welfare capitalism"
3. American Plan
1. Open shop
2. Rejection of collective bargaining
3. Depiction of unionism and socialism as sinister,
alien
4. Use of strikebreakers, spies, blacklists
2. Ebbing of labor movement
1. Decline in numbers organized
2. Union concessions to employers
3. Fading of union strongholds
4. Diminishing prospects of labor strikes
7. Fragmentation of feminism
1. Aftermath of suffrage amendment
2. Social and ideological fault lines
3. Debate over Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
1. Terms of ERA
2. Feminist support
1. Alice Paul, National Women's Party
2. Commitment to individual autonomy, equal
opportunity
3. Feminist opposition
1. Other leading women's organizations
2. Commitment to motherhood, protective
legislation for women
4. Defeat of ERA
8. "Women's freedom" in the Twenties
1. Mixed legacy of prewar feminism
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1. Fading of links to political and economic radicalism,
social reform
2. Survival and recasting of call for personal freedom
2. Themes and images
1. Consumer lifestyle
2. Sexual freedom as individual autonomy, rebellion
3. Youthful "flapper"; Clara Bow
4. "Modernizing Mothers"
3. Continued stress on marriage, homemaking as ultimate
goals
2. Business and government
1. Decline of Progressive-era faith in mass democracy
1. Themes of disillusionment
1. Popular ignorance, irrationality, disengagement
2. Shift from public concerns to private (leisure,
consumption)
2. Voices of disillusionment
1. Walter Lippmann (Public Opinion, The Phantom
Public)
2. Robert and Helen Lynd (Middletown)
2. Republican era
1. Pro-business agenda
1. Content of
1. Low income and business taxes
2. High tariffs
3. Support for employer antiunionism
4. Business-friendly appointees to regulatory
agencies
2. Support for in Washington
1. Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin
Coolidge
2. Supreme Court
2. Harding administration
1. Harding's indifference, lack of dignity
2. Rampant corruption; Teapot Dome
3. Election of 1924
1. Coolidge victory over divided Democrats
2. Robert La Follette's third-party Progressive campaign
3. Economic diplomacy
1. Retreat from Wilson's foreign policy principles
1. Internationalism
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